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• W1539303071 abstract "As part of normal organismal homeostasis, the human body loses various types of cells like hepatocytes, keratinocytes and certain types of blood cells and needs to replace them. These cells are replaced using stem cells as the source. Many different names are used for cells with stem cell-like properties, such as precursor cells, progenitor cells, somatic stem cells and adult stem cells. Stem cells are unique cells that have the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and differentiate into a diverse range of specialized cell types. In addition, stem cells, with few notable exceptions, are cell types that show telomerase activity and therefore, actively maintain telomere length to some degree. The ability to maintain telomere length allows them to have an extended proliferative capacity compared to somatic cells. There are three kinds of stem cells: Embryonic, germinal and somatic or in other terms adult stem cells. The differentiation potential of stem cells varies according to type from totipotency to unipotency. Cells such as the fertilized oocytes, up to the 8-cell blastocyst, are considered to be totipotent since they can differentiate and generate a complete organism. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. ES cells posses all the characteristics of true stem cells. In addition to the self-renewal capacity, they are pluripotent, being able to produce derivates of all three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) but not the complete organism (Burdon et al., 2002). A high telomerase activity prevents the ES cells from undergoing crisis and reaching senescence, which is an advantage for long-term culturing. ES cells have furthermore been shown to retain their developmental identity even after reintroduction into the blastocyst (Beddington & Robertson, 1989). Somatic stem cells are differentiated forms of embryonic stem cells that are known as multipotent stem cells. They are capable of self-renewal and are responsible for the regenerative property of the e.g. hematopoietic system and the gastrointestinal system. These cells can be isolated from the developing organism (the fetus and the postnatal organism) as well as from the adult organism. Depending on their origin, the offspring of the somatic stem cells is also specific to the original tissue. A stem cell is said to be unipotent like the epidermal stem cells if they can persistently give rise to only a specific cell type. It has for many years been known that stem cells – contrary to other cell types –" @default.
• W1539303071 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1539303071 creator A5013684179 @default.
• W1539303071 creator A5062335598 @default.
• W1539303071 creator A5064536118 @default.
• W1539303071 date "2011-08-01" @default.
• W1539303071 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1539303071 title "Transformation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells" @default.
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