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• W1539631794 abstract "Eating is one of the most hard-wired and ubiquitous behaviours. Yet, we have only begun to map the neural circuits underlying its control. By sensing peripheral metabolic states via hormonal signals such as leptin, insulin, ghrelin and cholecystokinin, circuits composed of specific cell types either drive or suppress food intake. Homeostatic inhibitory neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus co-expressing agouti gene-related protein and neuropeptide Y coordinate hunger through divergent projections, while additional circuitry seems dedicated to hedonic feeding and the motivation to eat. In contrast, the vagus nerve delivers visceral information to broadly projecting neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius to acutely suppress appetite. One of their downstream targets includes excitatory calcitonin gene-related peptide-expressing neurons of the parabrachial nucleus that project to the central amygdala. Distinct circuitry seems to regulate energy expenditure and body weight independent of feeding. Hence, the nervous system differentially stimulates and suppresses eating via a number of separate, neuroanatomically distributed and molecularly distinct circuits.Key Concepts Peripheral metabolic signals influence neurons either by circulating through the blood and passing from vasculature into the central nervous system or by acting on interoceptive sensory neurons of the vagus nerve.Each peripheral metabolic signal has the potential to have widespread and coordinated effects on different neural populations.Separable neural circuitry is dedicated to appetite stimulation versus appetite suppression.Considering either the neural circuitry of appetite stimulation or suppression, there are a number of circuit-level mechanisms that likely interact and act in parallel.Some neural circuits appear to affect energy expenditure independent of feeding.Keywords:eating;feeding;appetite;circuit;AgRP ;POMC ;vagus;NTS;PBN;CeA" @default.
• W1539631794 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1539631794 creator A5006525000 @default.
• W1539631794 date "2015-04-29" @default.
• W1539631794 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
• W1539631794 title "Neural Orchestration of Food Intake and Energy Expenditure" @default.
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• W1539631794 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470015902.a0003378.pub2" @default.
• W1539631794 hasPublicationYear "2015" @default.
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