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- W1539736698 abstract "Marine organisms are increasingly recognized as a rich source of bioactive compounds, many of which have pronounced pharmacological activities. Marine toxins have received increasing attention from physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and molecular biologists because of their potency that results from highly specific actions on key elements of excitable membranes and synaptic transmission mechanisms. In this chapter we review the actions of marine toxins that affect quantal acetylcholine release and synaptic transmission at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. New information about the physiology of the neuromuscular junction was obtained by using neurotoxins that are powerful tools for studying eithe pre-or post-synaptic mechanisms. Physiological targets for marine toxins at the neuromuscular junction include the presynaptic transmembrane voltage-sensitive sodium, potassium and calcium ionic channels that play a key role in the process of depolarization-neurotransmitter release coupling. In addition, some toxins induce permeability changes through non-specific cation channels. Although the neurotransmitter release process seems to be directly affected by some marine toxins, the molecular actions involved remain at present elusive. Acetylcholinesterase and acetylcholine receptor function are other targets for a number of marine toxins that alter synaptic efficacy. We conclude that in the past few years rapid advances have been made in the elucidation of the chemical structure, and the cellular mechanism of action of many novel marine toxins. A better understanding of their molecular mechanisms of action is expected to lead to a better knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate quantal transmitter release and synaptic transmission mechanisms." @default.
- W1539736698 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1539736698 creator A5019459840 @default.
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- W1539736698 date "1997-01-01" @default.
- W1539736698 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1539736698 title "Marine Toxins Affecting Quantal Acetylcholine Release and Transmission at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction" @default.
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