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- W1540139411 abstract "While erotic writing may appear to modern readers a strange vehicle for moral philosophy, John Cleland's Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, not unlike other British novels of the eighteenth century, appropriates various methods and concepts associated with this theoretical tradition. (1) From Cleland's standpoint, the novel, at its best, functions as an extension of epistemology, a knowledge practice central to the largely empirical moral philosophies of his day. In an enthusiastic review, he praises the epistemological complexity of Tobias Smollett's Peregrine Pickle, citing such sophistication as the key characteristic of a small but distinguished class of novels: For as the matter of them is chiefly taken from nature, from adventures, real or imaginary, but familiar, practical, and probable to be met with in the course of life, they may serve as pilot's charts, or maps of those parts of the world, which every one may chance to travel through; and in this light they are public benefits. (2) The moral utility of the novel, according to Cleland, consists largely in its ability to sketch out empirical particulars, or the discernible phenomena of common life. The novel, much like a naturalist's observations or travel writing, (3) documents experience, but it does so in regard to familiar rather than foreign locales and through imagination rather than direct observation. Its epistemology lays no claim to scientific objectivity but serves as a rough guide to possible actions, encounters, and results--as an introduction to the probabilities of experience. Not surprisingly given his general stance on the novel, Cleland casts his own novel as a memoir, a form allowing the narrator, a former prostitute named Fanny, to reflect on and map out her past sexual experiences. From the outset, Fanny describes her memoir as an epistemological project aiming to derive probable knowledge of sexuality from the evidence of sensation and reflection. Adopting a methodology in line with that of any good empiricist, she promises to detail sensations accurately, to paint situations such as they actually rose to [her] in nature. (4) Moreover, she distinguishes herself from others of her unhappy profession on the point of understanding. Whereas prostitutes in general avoid reflexion, looking upon this reputed basis of moral agency as a harbinger of sexual inhibition and guilt, and thus as their capital enemy, she has practiced close observation in order to cultivate an of sexuality. She has not only made an experiment of herself; her understanding extends well beyond knowledge of her own tastes to a general estimation of the sexual characters and manners of the world (1). Her memoir will chronicle sexual dispositions, acts, experiments, and outcomes; and she, having already attained true love and economic prosperity, stands as living proof of her own good judgment--the ultimate happy outcome of the narrative. (5) One could, of course, understand Fanny's concern with particulars as a thin porn premise, as Cleland's flimsy excuse to jump from one graphic sexual episode to another. (6) However, the novel more than delivers on its initial claims of epistemological complexity. In highly nuanced ways, Cleland draws on Locke's by then familiar, if not popular, theories of association, probability, and the social contract to lend coherence to his sexual epistemology. (7) Working at once on taxonomic and epistemic levels, Cleland's epistemology charts the dispositions of sexual agents against the general structure of knowledge, linking the problem of association to sociality in much the same manner as Locke's. (8) One could also regard the obviously comic effects of Fanny's preface and ensuing narrative as contributing to a simple negation of the moral values promoted by the dominant literary-philosophical culture of Cleland's time. (9) Such an assertion, however, overlooks Cleland's own theory of the novel, which ties the comic both to the formation of judgment and to moral improvement. …" @default.
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- W1540139411 date "2003-06-22" @default.
- W1540139411 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1540139411 title "How Fanny Comes to Know: Sensation, Sexuality, and the Epistemology of the Closet in Cleland's Memoirs" @default.
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