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- W1540235613 abstract "Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that changes in gut microbial balance are associated with increases in the prevalence of allergic diseases. For prevention and treatment of allergic diseases, probiotic bacteria are candidate agents. Probiotics are proposed to provide beneficial immunoregulatory signals which aid in oral tolerance achievement and alleviation of symptoms of allergic diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated their positive clinical effects on the prevention and treatment of atopic diseases, but immunological effects of probiotic bacteria are poorly known. The present study evaluates both the immunological mechanisms of probiotic bacteria in infants with allergic diseases and their preventive aspect among infants prone to allergy. Furthermore, the purpose of the study was to characterise the immunological features of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) in infants at high genetic risk for allergic diseases, and to investigate whether the pattern of immune response in CBMCs is associated with allergic diseases and IgE-sensitization at age two. GATA-3 expression (p = 0.03), interleukin (IL) -2 (p = 0.026), and IL-5 (p = 0.013) secretion of OKT3/anti-CD28-stimulated CBMCs were higher in IgE-sensitized infants at age 2 than in non-allergic, non-sensitized infants. Secretion of IFN-γ by OKT3/anti-CD28-stimulated PBMCs in vitro was significantly lower in infants with cow’s milk allergy (CMA) than in non-CMA infants (p = 0.016), and decreased IFN-γ secretion of PBMCs occurred in infants with IgE-associated CMA when compared with the non-CMA infants with an IgE association (any specific IgE concentration > 0.7 kU/l or a positive skin prick test to any antigen tested) (p = 0.001). PBMCs of infants with non-IgE-associated CMA secreted less IL-4 and IL-5 than did infants with IgE-associated CMA (p = 0.002, and p= 0.004, respectively). Lactobacillus GG (LGG) treatment increased secretion of IFN-γ by PBMCs in vitro in infants with CMA (p = 0.006) and in infants with IgE-associated eczema (p = 0.017), when compared to levels in the placebo group. A probiotic mixture, however, led to increased secretion of IL-4 by PBMCs in vitro in infants with CMA (p = 0.028), when compared with placebo-group levels. The Lactobacillus GG treatment induced higher plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.021) and IL-6 (p = 0.036) levels in infants with IgE-associated eczema than in the placebo group. The probiotic mixture induced higher plasma IL-10 levels in infants with eczema (p = 0.016): In such infants, post-treatment IL-10 levels were higher in the LGG and probiotic mixture groups than in the placebo group (p = 0.046 and p = 0.039). In the prevention study of allergic diseases, the infants receiving the probiotic mixture had higher plasma levels of CRP (p = 0.008), total IgA (p = 0.016), total IgE (p = 0.047), and IL-10 (p = 0.002) than did infants in the placebo group. Increased CRP level at age 6 months was associated with a decreased risk for eczema at age 2 years not only in the infants who received probiotics but also in the placebo group (OR 0.4 [95% CI 0.17 to 0.94], p = 0.034 for the whole study group). No association appeared with IgE sensitization. In conclusion, the priming of the GATA-3 and IL-5 pathway can occur in utero, and a primary feature of T-cells predisposing to IgE-sensitization seems to directly favour Th2 deviation. The Th1/Th2 type cytokine balance seems to differ in IgEassociated and non-IgE-associated CMA. Lactobacillus GG treatment induced increased plasma levels of CRP and IL-6 in infants with IgE-associated eczema, suggesting an activation of innate immunity. The probiotic mixture treatment therefore raised plasma IL-10 levels, implying that the immune response induced by probiotics is strain-specific. In addition, differing immunological responses after probiotic supplementation occurred in infants with differing clinical outcomes, which reflects the fact that effects of probiotic bacteria are modulated by the host. The probiotic mixture, when given to allergy-prone infants, induced inflammation, detected as increased plasma CRP levels, which at age 6 months was associated with decreased risk for eczema at age 2. The CRP-associated decrease in risk for eczema was not restricted to probiotic use, suggesting that low-grade inflammation may control the tolerance achievement and protect from eczema. The probiotic-induced response in infants was characterized by their higher plasma IL-10, total IgE, and CRP levels, without induction of an allergen-specific IgE response. In this respect, the probiotic bacteria in infancy appear to induce protective immune profiles that are characteristic for chronic low-grade inflammation." @default.
- W1540235613 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1540235613 creator A5036907711 @default.
- W1540235613 date "2007-10-12" @default.
- W1540235613 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W1540235613 title "Immunological effects of probiotic bacteria in prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children" @default.
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