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- W1540435891 abstract "Particulate mobility within the intra-soil aggregates and soil pores has profound effects on the stability of soils and consequently hydraulic conductivity. Soil structure or aggregation essentially describes the way the soil constituents (sand, silt, clay, organic matter) are arranged and the size and shape of pores between them (Geeves et al. 1996). On the basis of size, soil aggregates can be distinguished as macro-aggregates (> 250 μm) and microaggregates (< 250 μm) and with further breakdown, they can release finer particles (< 20 μm, Oades and Waters 1991). However, aggregates < 2 ┤m (predominately clay floccules) are held together by forces derived from the interaction of clay particles. The loss of macroporosity is attributable to detachment and subsequent transport of aggregates (Roth et al. (1991; Sutherland et al. 1996) and further dis-aggregation can affect soil water retention (Neufeldt et al. 1999). Aggregates with low stability fracture easily and the breakdown into smaller sizes is a major cause reduced permeability through pore clogging as a result of loss of aggregation and porosity of surface soils. Once a crust is formed the water and solute transport properties change, for example increased rate of water infiltration with removal of crust by application of gypsum (Ramirez et al.,1999). This surface crusts or sealing is often attributable to slaking and dispersion of clay minerals. Dispersion is most commonly associated with sodicity and is highly sensitive to both the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and total electrolyte concentration. Soils with a high ESP are more susceptible to dispersion due to its greater ability to develop diffuse double layers. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) can be defined as:" @default.
- W1540435891 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1540435891 date "2011-02-28" @default.
- W1540435891 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W1540435891 title "Hydraulic Conductivity of Semi-Quasi Stable Soils: Effects of Particulate Mobility" @default.
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- W1540435891 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/15681" @default.
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