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- W1540564953 abstract "Gynecologic malignancies count for about 80,000 of all new cancer diagnoses in women in the United States (Jemal et al., 2010). In the US almost 20,000 patients a year are diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer, 11,000 with cervical cancer and 42,000 with endometrial cancer (Jemal et al., 2010). A relevant part of these tumor situations are found in an earlystage disease setting, for instance most of all newly diagnosed endometrial cancers. But frequently there is no possibility for an early-stage diagnosis and the tumor is already advanced when primarily detected, like in the majority of all cases with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Though tumor biology and standard treatment concepts are different for all three entities, there is a common need for new therapeutic approaches to improve the patients’ outcome. Many preclinical studies have suggested that antiangiogenic strategies are beneficial against these cancers (Delli Carpini, 2010). One reason may be the fact that these tumors are able to form large single tumor nodulations during intraabdominal spread or local progression with hypoxic cores triggering tumor-associated neo-angiogenesis (Bryant et al., 2010). Furthermore, the frequently seen phenomenon of peritoneal carcinosis, closely related to gynecologic malignancies, induces angiogenesis to preserve nutritive supply to all metastatic tumor nodes (Fagotti et al., 2010, Figure 1). Since Folkman first proposed the strategy of targeting the tumor vasculature as a novel therapeutic strategy, considerable progress has been made to understand the underlying mechanisms of angiogenesis (Folkman, 1971). The control of angiogenesis is under the influence of both proand anti-angiogenesis factors. Of these, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its family of receptors play a key role in the regulation of angiogenesis. The VEGF gene family consists of several members including placenta growth factor (PIGF), VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C and VEGF-D, but VEGF-A (often referred to as VEGF) is the dominant protein (Ferrara, 2003). The VEGF receptor family consists of three members including VEGFR-1(Flt-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR or Flk-1), and VEGFR-3 (Flt-4). Given the key role of VEGF and its family of receptors in regulating angiogenesis, inhibitors of both VEGF and its receptors are actively being developed as anti-cancer therapies. To inhibit the VEGF pathway two different options are used: 1. VEGF ligand inhibition by antibodies or soluble receptors 2. VEGF receptor inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) or receptor antibodies" @default.
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- W1540564953 date "2011-12-09" @default.
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- W1540564953 title "Antiangiogenic Treatment Concepts in Gynecologic Oncology" @default.
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- W1540564953 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/25195" @default.
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