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• W1540629947 abstract "The notion persists George Bernard Shaw persuasively championed original for Great Expectations. Enlarging upon his often unreliable pronouncements, defenders of first have been legion. Technically, however, Shaw was not allied to either side. He was of minds: second seemed psychologically wrong but artistically much congruous than original, for the scene, hour, atmosphere are beautifully touching and exactly right.(1) Convinced Dickens had a mess of both endings,(2) Shaw supplied ending himself. Instead of possibility of belated happiness with Estella, Pip is paid off with a gallon of peaceful resignation: Since Shaw's Pip concludes, have been able to think of her without old unhappiness; but I have tried to see her again, and I know I shall.(3) This Shavian solution could simply be appended to first ending. But since it mentions parting, a crucial word used twice in second ending, Shaw presumably wanted his compound sentence to oust Dickens's last paragraph; Pip's new statement would then follow Estella's resolve to continue friends apart. Shaw desired unmistakable finality yet failed to avoid a degree of uncertainty: does Pip mean he will see Estella again or simply try to? If latter, he remains vulnerable to unpremeditated encounters. Shaw's double never may prove definitive than Dickens's single in no shadow of another parting. Choosing between alternative endings is one thing, tampering with them another. Shaw was inept at both. The elimination of Dickens's final one-sentence paragraph nullifies Pip's comparison of mists to morning mists he observed at conclusion of First Stage; it also dulls implicit analogy of Pip and Estella leaving desolate garden to Adam and Eve emerging from Eden. Shaw would have canceled of congruencies create appropriate hour and perfect atmosphere. When Shaw restored so-called unhappy to text proper for Limited Editions Club edition, he printed allegedly happier second in an Editor's Postscript to his Preface. This cost Pip and Estella of life. In revised ending, Dickens reunited them day after Pip's return, instead of allowing two years to pass as happens in original ending. Dickens realized he had made lovers younger: longer 33 or 34 after ten of separation, they were now a less mellow 31 or 32.(4) To compensate, Dickens added three to Pip's sojourn abroad, altering eight years in first sentence of chapter 59 to for revised ending. Ignoring Dickens's revamped time scheme, Shaw pasted earlier onto text--that is, he substituted It was more for Nevertheless, I knew right after sentence ends Biddy, all gone by. Because eleven years of revised remained in opening sentence, Shaw separated Pip from Estella for 13 years, aging both of them to at least 36, considerably older than Dickens intended. Were commentators to emulate Shaw, devising ideal for Great Expectations might become as consuming a pastime as inventing denouements for The Mystery of Edwin Drood. Here, for example, is Douglas Brooks-Davies's proposal: the evening sunlight of moment when I left Satis [House] holding Estella's hand was so bright, Pip recalls, that it banished all shadows--even metaphorical shadow of parting we were soon (and permanently) to endure.(5) Having studied controversy, Brooks-Davies's Pip attempts to blend psychological aptness of first with atmospheric rightness of second. This compromise only exaggerates Shaw's mistake, for it is self-contradictory and therefore false to both endings to force allegedly superior context of revision to restate supposedly truer message of original. …" @default.
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• W1540629947 date "1993-03-22" @default.
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• W1540629947 title "Charles Dickens's Great Expectations: a defense of the second ending" @default.
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