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- W1541837605 abstract "The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations estimates that as many as 840 million people are undernourished, most of them living in developing countries. Meanwhile many parties are looking to improve and create new plant varieties that gain greater yields, increased nutritional values, and other beneficial traits. These new plant varieties can gain protection by the international intellectual property regime allowing the owner of such protection to limit the ways in which the plant variety is used. Increasingly, new, improved plant varieties are dependent on foreign genetic resources. The potential value of these genetic resources is expressed in the value of biological diversity. Countries with large biological diversity are more likely to possess natural resources of value than countries with smaller resources, but can also expect greater costs for preserving that biodiversity. To offset the costs for many developing countries that possess the greatest biological diversity international instruments put in place an Access and Benefit-Sharing regime. Users of genetic resources found in and held by a country would need to obtain a prior informed consent and reach mutually agreed terms with the country providing the genetic resources before it could obtain any genetic resources. In some cases, the above would also apply to ex-situ holdings. The benefits gained from the utilization of the genetic resources would then be shared with the country providing the resources, or in some cases shared with a benefit-sharing fund that would further share the benefits with farmers, and in particular farmers of developing countries. However, the benefit-sharing regime is primarily an incentive for states to preserve biodiversity, not for individuals to do so. Furthermore, many benefits acquired through research are not adapted to the needs of developing countries but go into crops and management techniques not suitable for developing countries. The benefits that farmers in the developing world are likely to directly see and take part of still rely in large part on the improved plant varieties and crop management techniques that are capable of gaining protection under the international intellectual property regime. Moreover, the conserved biodiversity may act as a safety net against the effects of genetic erosion that may arise in the future." @default.
- W1541837605 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1541837605 date "2014-01-01" @default.
- W1541837605 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1541837605 title "Access and Benefit-sharing for farmers in developing countries" @default.
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