FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1542375787> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W1542375787 endingPage "216" @default.
• W1542375787 startingPage "214" @default.
• W1542375787 abstract "BioTechniquesVol. 36, No. 2 BenchmarksOpen AccessSodium boric acid: a Tris-free, cooler conductive medium for DNA electrophoresisJonathan R. Brody & Scott E. KernJonathan R. BrodyThe Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USASearch for more papers by this author & Scott E. Kern*Address correspondence to: Scott E. Kern, 451 CRB, Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. e-mail: E-mail Address: sk@jhmi.eduThe Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USASearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:6 Jun 2018https://doi.org/10.2144/04362BM02AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail It has been nearly three decades since the invention of DNA electrophoresis (1–6). Current conductive media for DNA electrophoresis remain largely restricted to legacy Tris-acetic acid-disodium EDTA (TAE) and Trisboric acid-disodium EDTA (TBE) at substantial ionic strengths, leading to higher cost and excessive heat generation, and limiting the voltage and speed of electrophoretic runs. TAE and TBE usually contain between 40 to 90 mM Tris, corresponding anion concentrations, and trace amounts of different forms of EDTA (1–2 mM) (7).Investigators have compared and analyzed TAE and TBE buffers in DNA electrophoresis; however, to our knowledge no one has substantially investigated the simplification and substitution of components of these buffers to achieve a more efficient and inexpensive conductive medium for DNA electrophoresis (8,9).It is well established that heat generation is a primary source of problems in TAE and TBE gels, causing sample diffusion, convection, denaturation, and poor gel integrity, and limiting the ability to run gels at a high voltage (10). Ohm's law and the power law interrelate voltage (V), current (I), and power (P) (11,12). Power consumed in the electrophoresis system manifests as heat generation (P = VI). These interrelated variables are affected by ionic conductance due to choice of salts and ionized components in proportion to their particular concentrations in the media used in electrophoresis. A thorough analysis of these critical properties of widely used buffered media for DNA electrophoresis was performed. We found that TAE and TBE create a “runaway” positive feedback loop of current and temperature, which results in poor gel resolution at high voltage (Figure 1, lanes 3–4). This positive feedback loop makes low-voltage (5–10 V/cm) runs necessary and highlights the limitations of using Tris as a cation for DNA electrophoresis. Another component of currently used buffers, EDTA, is now largely superfluous, since most DNA samples are readily soluble and since commonly used enzymes today would not carry an undesirable enzymatic activity under electrophoretic conditions.Figure 1. Sodium boric acid (SB) performance in agarose DNA electrophoresis as compared to commonly used conductive media.Gels comprised 1.2% (lanes 1–4) and 0.7% (lanes 5–7) agarose (Type I Low EEO; Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 0.1% ethidium bromide (Fisher Scientific, Fair Long, NJ, USA). In lanes 1–4, SB and Tris-boric acid-disodium EDTA (TBE) gels were run fast (350 V) for 16 min. A Tris-acetic acid-disodium EDTA (TAE) gel run under the same conditions experienced poor gel integrity and melting (not shown). In lanes 5–7, SB, TBE, and TAE gels were run at legacy conditions (125 V) for 75 min. The power source (Model FB 570; Fisher Biotech, Pittsburg, PA, USA) displayed current flow at set voltage. All runs used a horizontal rig (MGU-500; CBS Scientific, Del Mar, CA, USA) and had 700 mL total volume of medium in the reservoirs and gels of 10 cm length. M, DNA marker (1 Kb Plus DNA Ladder™ Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). PCR, 280-bp PCR-generated product.We thereby explored alternative, low-molarity, sodium-based conductive media that could mitigate this feedback loop. Extensive studies established that sodium concentrations between 7.5 and 12.5 mM, with borate as the counterion, provided the best resolution (data not shown). We therefore prepared a sodium boric acid (SB) conductive medium, where 1× SB consisted of 5 mM disodium borate decahydrate or 10 mM sodium hydroxide, pH adjusted to 8.5 with boric acid. A 20× stock solution of pH 8.0 produces the appropriate pH upon dilution to working strength; stock solutions of 10–50× can also be prepared and stored without difficulty.Under high-voltage gel running conditions, SB showed superior resolution compared to TBE, yielding high-resolution separation on a 1.2% gel within 16 min (Figure 1). For the SB gel, current and temperature increased only slightly; current increased from 200 to 287 mA, and the final temperature was 41°C. By contrast, the current for the TBE gel doubled from 306 to 600 mA, and the final temperature was 60°C. A TAE gel run under identical conditions showed a current spike from 395 to 838 mA, and a final temperature of 70°C, resulting in partial melting of the gel (data not shown). Under standard electrophoretic conditions, SB provided resolution and separation as good as or better than TBE and TAE gels (Figure 1, lanes 5–7).We next sought to address the comparative conductive capacities of SB, TBE, and TAE. To monitor electrolyte exhaustion, we presumed that an eventual drop in current over time was primary evidence of one electrolyte having migrated enough that it could no longer serve its full role as a transporter of the current from one electrode to the other, as would be produced by a local depletion of an electrolyte. SB (pH 8–9) had a delayed electrolyte exhaustion at constant voltage as compared to other media tested (the pKa of borate is 9.2) (Figure 2). Electrolyte exhaustion occurred at 3 h for SB, but at less than 1 h for TAE, as determined by observing the current at a constant voltage (Figure 2). In this regard, SB outperformed TAE and TBE. Indeed, TBE outperformed TAE, most likely due to the boric acid, which by buffering the hydroxide production provides a continuing cathodic source of borate for conducting current. Along similar lines of explanation, SB at pH 9 may exhaust slightly earlier than SB at pH 8 (Figure 2). At the lower pH, boric acid represents a larger reserve to replenish ions at the cathode. One would expect that boric acid-containing media could be used for longer runs without recirculation.Figure 2. Electrolyte exhaustion.Conductive media were tested by plotting the current at constant voltage (200 V). TAE, Tris-acetic acid-disodium EDTA; TBE, Tris-boric acid-disodium EDTA; SB, sodium boric acid.Within our genetics laboratory, we have completely switched over to SB media for routine DNA separation. In addition, we have performed gel extraction of restriction-digested plasmid DNA from SB gels and successfully subcloned the fragment (data not shown). SB also sufficed for DNA migration in vertical polyacrylamide gels (data not shown). We have not encountered a situation in which SB was not optimal.Upon a re-examination of some fundamental properties of conductive media and a heightened attention to the self-amplifying nature of Joule heating, we can now strongly recommend that SB could replace TAE and TBE for many if not most standard DNA electrophoretic applications. It is possible to mitigate the runaway positive feedback loop with SB conductive medium, along with considerable savings in cost and time (Table 1). We estimate that SB could save over $30 million annually in the United States, based on cost per gel and an estimated agarose relevant consumption from a marketing survey of U.S. trends for 2002 (polyacrylamide gel-associated cost contributions were not included due to limited source data). SB is superior to conventional media in allowing better temperature control, improved portability and convenience by reduced power and amperage requirements of the power supply, an improved electrolyte exhaustion rate, and a decreased need for heat dissipation in the electrophoretic device. SB simply outperforms existing DNA electrophoretic media.Table 1. Characteristics of Conductive Media for DNA ElectrophoresisAcknowledgmentsWe thank Drs. Bert Vogelstein and William Studier for their helpful suggestions and a critical reading of this manuscript. This work was supported by grant no. 62924 CA from the National Institutes of Health.References1. Sambrook, J., E.F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. CSH Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.Google Scholar2. Aaij, C. and P. Borst. 1972. The gel electrophoresis of DNA. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 269:192–200.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar3. Hayward, G.S. and M.G. Smith. 1972. The chromosome of bacteriophage T5. I. Analysis of the single-stranded DNA fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 63:383–395.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar4. McDonell, M.W., M.N. Simon, and F.W. Studier. 1977. Analysis of restriction fragments of T7 DNA and determination of molecular weights by electrophoresis in neutral and alkaline gels. J. Mol. Biol. 110:119–146.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar5. Thorne, H.V. 1966. Electrophoretic separation of polyoma virus DNA from host cell DNA. Virology 29:234–239.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar6. Studier, F.W. 1973. Analysis of bacteriophage T7 early RNAs and proteins on slab gels. J. Mol. Biol. 79:237–248.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar7. Sambrook, J. and D.W. Russell. 2001. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. CSH Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.Google Scholar8. Liu, Q., X. Li, and S.S. Sommer. 1999. pK-matched running buffers for gel electrophoresis. Anal. Biochem. 270:112–122.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar9. Stellwagen, N.C., A. Bossi, C. Gelfi, and P.G. Righetti. 2000. DNA and buffers: are there any noninteracting, neutral pH buffers? Anal. Biochem. 287:167–175.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar10. Hjerten, S. 1973. Dedication to Professor Arne Tiselius. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 209:5–7.Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar11. Hawcroft, D.M. 1997. Electrophoresis. IRL Press at Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar12. Allen, R.C. and B. Budowle. 1994. Gel electrophoresis of proteins and nucleic acids: selected techniques. W. de Gruyter, Berlin.Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByBiogeographic responses and niche occupancy of microbial communities following long-term land-use change19 July 2022 | Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Vol. 115, No. 9Gel purification of gDNA for next-generation sequencing applicationsSupanut Utthiya, Passorn Wonnapinij, Pondpan Napaumpaiporn, Chokchai Kittiwongwattana, Jenjira Sakulkoo, Anongpat Suttangkakul & Supachai Vuttipongchaikij11 August 2022 | BioTechniques, Vol. 73, No. 2Functional N-cycle genes in soil and N2O emissions in tropical grass-maize intercropping systemsSoil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 169Development of a Panfungal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) Method Coupled with Lateral Flow Strips for the Detection of Spoilage Fungi7 March 2022 | Food Analytical Methods, Vol. 4Long-term land use in Amazon influence the dynamic of microbial communities in soil and rhizosphereRhizosphere, Vol. 21R-Loops and Mitochondrial DNA Metabolism16 June 2022Do different densities of tree cover affect pasture biomass and soil microbial communities?30 June 2021 | Agroforestry Systems, Vol. 95, No. 8Distribution, Genetic Diversity and Biocontrol of Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus in Serbian Maize Fields27 September 2021 | Toxins, Vol. 13, No. 10Specialist versus generalist parasites: the interactions between host diversity, environment and geographic barriers in avian malariaInternational Journal for Parasitology, Vol. 51, No. 11Cost-Effective Technical Tips for Agarose Gel Electrophoresis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid8 September 2021Registration of three soybean germplasms with novel cyst nematode resistance from PI 567516C8 September 2021 | Journal of Plant Registrations, Vol. 15, No. 3The use of indigenous bacterial community as inoculant for plant growth promotion in soybean cultivation11 August 2021 | Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, Vol. 17Responses of Low-Cost Input Combinations on the Microbial Structure of the Maize Rhizosphere for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation and Plant Biomass Production30 June 2021 | Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 12Transferring an Agrobacterium ‐mediated transformation protocol across eight genera in the Ceratocystidaceae19 April 2021 | Forest Pathology, Vol. 51, No. 3The Axenfeld–Rieger Syndrome Gene FOXC1 Contributes to Left–Right Patterning26 January 2021 | Genes, Vol. 12, No. 2siRNA Design and Delivery Based on Carbon Nanotubes30 April 2021Analysis of genetic diversity and discrimination of Oil Palm DxP populations based on the origins of pisifera elite parentsBreeding Science, Vol. 71, No. 2Comparación molecular de poblaciones de chile (Capsicum spp.) de Tabasco y Chiapas, México22 December 2020 | Bioagro, Vol. 33, No. 1Phenotypic and Genetic Identification of Mercenaria mercenaria, Mercenaria campechiensis, and Their HybridsJournal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 39, No. 3Long-term lime and gypsum amendment increase nitrogen fixation and decrease nitrification and denitrification gene abundances in the rhizosphere and soil in a tropical no-till intercropping systemGeoderma, Vol. 375Characterization of Anaphylatoxin Receptor Expression and C3a/C5a Functions in Anaphylatoxin Receptor Reporter Mice25 July 2020 | Current Protocols in Immunology, Vol. 130, No. 1Microbial N-cycling gene abundance is affected by cover crop specie and development stage in an integrated cropping system20 May 2020 | Archives of Microbiology, Vol. 202, No. 7The Salt Sensitivity Induced by Disruption of Cell Wall-Associated Kinase 1 (SlWAK1) Tomato Gene Is Linked to Altered Osmotic and Metabolic Homeostasis31 August 2020 | International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 21, No. 17Genetic diversity and structure analysis of Vigna unguiculata L. (Walp.) landraces from southeastern Mexico using ISSR markers4 November 2020 | Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, Vol. 18, No. 4Technical aspects of the electrophoresis stage in the comet assay8 July 2020 | Ecological genetics, Vol. 18, No. 2Alternative 3′ splice site selection of intron 5 within the prmt8 gene results in a novel variant widely distributed in vertebrates and specifically abundant in AvesGene, Vol. 747Borate‐containing background electrolytes to improve CE separation in bare capillaries28 April 2020 | ELECTROPHORESIS, Vol. 41, No. 12Growing out of the tropical forests: domestication syndrome of native Mesoamerican trees in Mayan homegardens18 September 2019 | Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Vol. 67, No. 3Generating Stable Knockout Zebrafish Lines by Deleting Large Chromosomal Fragments Using Multiple gRNAs1 March 2020 | G3 Genes|Genomes|Genetics, Vol. 10, No. 3Biological Control of Aflatoxin in Maize Grown in Serbia5 March 2020 | Toxins, Vol. 12, No. 3Ultra-fast conductive media for RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assaysSamantha Z Brown, Lebaron C Agostini, Henry L Thomsett & Jonathan R Brody24 December 2019 | BioTechniques, Vol. 68, No. 2Directional Immobilization of Proteins on Gold Nanoparticles Is Essential for Their Biological Activity: Leptin as a Case Study18 December 2019 | Bioconjugate Chemistry, Vol. 31, No. 1Effect of recycled manure solids as bedding on bulk tank milk and implications for cheese microbiological qualityJournal of Dairy Science, Vol. 103, No. 1Spatial distribution, prevalence and diversity of haemosporidians in the rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis3 January 2019 | Parasites & Vectors, Vol. 12, No. 1High throughput DNA extraction of legume root nodules for rhizobial metagenomics10 April 2019 | AMB Express, Vol. 9, No. 1Ecological niche modelling and genetic diversity of Anomochloa marantoidea (Poaceae): filling the gaps for conservation in the earliest-diverging grass subfamily22 October 2019 | Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Vol. 40Use of Escherichia coli genes associated with human sewage to track fecal contamination source in subtropical watersScience of The Total Environment, Vol. 686Distribution and genetic diversity among Aspergillus flavus isolates across three agro‐ecologies essential for maize cultivation in Ghana11 July 2019 | Plant Pathology, Vol. 68, No. 8Forest-to-agriculture conversion in Amazon drives soil microbial communities and N-cycleSoil Biology and Biochemistry, Vol. 137Using DNA from formaldehyde-preserved Daphnia to reconstruct past populations11 July 2019 | Hydrobiologia, Vol. 841, No. 1CYP2C9, CYP2D6, G6PD, GCLC, GSTM1 and NAT2 gene polymorphisms and risk of adverse reactions to sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin in San Luis Potosí, MexicoMeta Gene, Vol. 21Use of antibiotics to control endophytic bacterial growth migration onto culture medium in Eucalyptus cloeziana F.Muell.: a micropropagation approach23 May 2019 | In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant, Vol. 55, No. 4Historical demography of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae) in the Florida Keys, USA inferred using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)18 June 2019 | Journal of Crustacean Biology, Vol. 39, No. 4Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Lodging Resistance and other Important Agronomic Traits in Dry Field Peas1 July 2019 | Crop Science, Vol. 59, No. 4Forest-to-pasture conversion and recovery based on assessment of microbial communities in Eastern Amazon rainforest13 December 2018 | FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Vol. 95, No. 3Amazon forest-to-agriculture conversion alters rhizosphere microbiome composition while functions are kept1 February 2019 | FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Vol. 95, No. 3Significant effects in bread-making quality associated with the gene cluster Glu-D3/Gli-D1 from the bread wheat cultivar Prointa GuazúCereal Research Communications, Vol. 47, No. 1Detection of MicroRNA-Mediated Target mRNA Cleavage and 3′-Uridylation in Human Cells by a SLA-RT-PCR Analysis12 December 2018SSR identification and marker development for sago palm based on NGS genome dataBreeding Science, Vol. 69, No. 1Meloidogyne aegracyperi n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitizing yellow and purple nutsedge in New Mexico1 January 2019 | journal of nematology, Vol. 51A simple molecular assay differentiates two burrowing mayfly species, Hexagenia limbata and H. rigida (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeridae), in western Lake ErieJournal of Great Lakes Research, Vol. 44, No. 6Biofilm formation and antimicrobial sensitivity of lactobacilli contaminants from sugarcane-based fuel ethanol fermentation24 February 2018 | Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Vol. 111, No. 9Genotyping based on thermal denaturation of amplification products identifies species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complexJournal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 67, No. 9Factors affecting the association of single- and double-stranded RNAs with montmorillonite nanoclaysInternational Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Vol. 109Species identification of aquatic mycobacterium isolates by sequencing and PCR-RFLP of the 16S–23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regionGene Reports, Vol. 10Genetic polymorphisms associated with the risk of concussion in 1056 college athletes: a multicentre prospective cohort study16 September 2017 | British Journal of Sports Medicine, Vol. 52, No. 3Distinct taxonomic and functional composition of soil microbiomes along the gradient forest-restinga-mangrove in southeastern Brazil22 August 2017 | Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Vol. 111, No. 1Distribution and incidence of atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus VCG in tree crop orchards in California: A strategy for identifying potential antagonists, the example of almondsInternational Journal of Food Microbiology, Vol. 265Influence of resistance breeding in common bean on rhizosphere microbiome composition and function13 October 2017 | The ISME Journal, Vol. 12, No. 1Nppa and Nppb act redundantly during zebrafish cardiac development to confine AVC marker expression and reduce cardiac jelly volume1 January 2018 | Development, Vol. 5Prevalence of polymorphisms in OPG, RANKL and RANK as potential markers for Charcot arthropathy development29 March 2017 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, No. 1Fungal Community Structure as an Indicator of Soil Agricultural Management Effects in the CerradoRevista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, Vol. 41, No. 0Combination of Microfluidic Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification with Gold Nanoparticles for Rapid Detection of Salmonella spp. in Food Samples6 November 2017 | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 8A preliminary conservation genetic study of Pittosporum obcordatum (Pittosporaceae), an endemic New Zealand species with a disjunct distribution23 August 2017 | New Zealand Journal of Botany, Vol. 55, No. 4Soil microbial community dynamics and assembly under long-term land use change1 September 2017 | FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Vol. 93, No. 10Infrared laser ablation sample transfer of tissue DNA for genomic analysis17 May 2017 | Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 409, No. 17Genotypic Diversity of Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. plurivora in Maryland’s Nurseries and Mid-Atlantic ForestsPhytopathology®, Vol. 107, No. 6Ericoid Roots and Mycospheres Govern Plant-Specific Bacterial Communities in Boreal Forest Humus26 December 2016 | Microbial Ecology, Vol. 73, No. 4Comparison of plant and bacterial communities between a subtropical landfill topsoil 15 years after restoration and a natural areaWaste Management, Vol. 63Mycorrhizal colonization status of lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the southeastern region of China21 December 2016 | Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 24, No. 6Expression and Purification of Recombinant Proteins in Escherichia coli with a His6 or Dual His6-MBP Tag2 June 2017Liming in the sugarcane burnt system and the green harvest practice affect soil bacterial community in northeastern São Paulo, Brazil14 September 2016 | Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Vol. 109, No. 12HPV genotype distribution and anomalous association of HPV33 to cervical neoplastic lesions in San Luis Potosí, Mexico30 March 2016 | Infectious Agents and Cancer, Vol. 11, No. 1Structure of Fungal Communities in Sub-Irrigated Agricultural Soil from Cerrado Floodplains19 May 2016 | Diversity, Vol. 8, No. 4The phylogenetic similarity of hydatid cyst isolated from humans and sheep in Ilam Province southwest of Iran6 September 2016 | Comparative Clinical Pathology, Vol. 25, No. 6MicroRNA-mediated target mRNA cleavage and 3′-uridylation in human cells21 July 2016 | Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, No. 1Pathological ribonuclease H1 causes R-loop depletion and aberrant DNA segregation in mitochondria8 July 2016 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 30Microbial Communities Associated with Zones of Elevated Magnetic Susceptibility in Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Sediments1 July 2015 | Geomicrobiology Journal, Vol. 33, No. 5Evidence That an Unconventional Actin Can Provide Essential F-Actin Function and That a Surveillance System Monitors F-Actin Integrity in Chlamydomonas29 December 2015 | Genetics, Vol. 202, No. 3Multiplex PCR method for rapid identification of genetic group and symbiont infection status in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)19 November 2015 | Applied Entomology and Zoology, Vol. 51, No. 1Molecular cloning of Salmo salar Toll-like receptors (TLR1, TLR22, TLR5M and TLR5S) and expression analysis in SHK-1 cells during Piscirickettsia salmonis infection22 April 2015 | Journal of Fish Diseases, Vol. 39, No. 2Characterization of a new apple S-RNase allele and its linkage with the Rvi5 gene for scab resistance6 January 2016 | Molecular Breeding, Vol. 36, No. 1Land-use system shapes soil bacterial communities in Southeastern Amazon regionApplied Soil Ecology, Vol. 95Directed evolution of artificial enzymes (XNAzymes) from diverse repertoires of synthetic genetic polymers24 September 2015 | Nature Protocols, Vol. 10, No. 10Sarcocystis spp. Infection in two Red Panda Cubs (Ailurus fulgens)Journal of Comparative Pathology, Vol. 153, No. 2-3Primer retention owing to the absence of RNase H1 is catastrophic for mitochondrial DNA replication10 July 2015 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, No. 30Microbially induced corrosion of carbon steel in deep groundwater environment24 July 2015 | Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 6Soil-Borne Microbiome: Linking Diversity to Function14 January 2015 | Microbial Ecology, Vol. 70, No. 1Molecular Epidemiology of Avian Malaria in Wild Breeding Colonies of Humboldt and Magellanic Penguins in South America10 December 2014 | EcoHealth, Vol. 12, No. 2Population Structure of the Bacterial Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa among Street Trees in Washington D.C.27 March 2015 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 10, No. 3Hypotonic Activation of the Myo-Inositol Transporter SLC5A3 in HEK293 Cells Probed by Cell Volumetry, Confocal and Super-Resolution Microscopy10 March 2015 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 10, No. 3Rapid Reactivation of Deep Subsurface Microbes in the Presence of C-1 Compounds5 February 2015 | Microorganisms, Vol. 3, No. 1Catalysts from synthetic genetic polymers1 December 2014 | Nature, Vol. 518, No. 7539Recent Developments in Molecular Detection of Food-Borne Disease Bacteria and GMOs25 February 2015 | Food Biotechnology, Vol. 29, No. 1Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay of DNA and CRISPR-Cas Ribonucleoprotein ComplexesImmunoprecipitation: Western Blot for Proteins of Low AbundanceMethod for monitoring deletions in the aflatoxin biosynthesis gene cluster of Aspergillus flavus with multiplex PCR27 November 2014 | Letters in Applied Microbiology, Vol. 60, No. 1Fat removal with hydrolyzed corn starch for real-time qPCR detection of Salmonella enterica in ground beef in 4.5 hours without enrichmentFood Control, Vol. 46Temporal variation in fungal communities associated with tropical hummingbirds and nectarivorous batsFungal Ecology, Vol. 12Flow cytometry-based functional selection of RNA interference triggers for efficient epi-allelic analysis of therapeutic targets21 June 2014 | BMC Biotechnology, Vol. 14, No. 1Variations of Bacterial Community Structure and Composition in Mangrove Sediment at Different Depths in Southeastern Brazil11 December 2014 | Diversity, Vol. 6, No. 4Bacterial Leaf Scorch in the District of Columbia: Distribution, Host Range, and Presence of Xylella fastidiosa Among Urban TreesPlant Disease, Vol. 98, No. 12An effective procedure for DNA isolation and voucher recovery from millimeter-scale copepods and new primers for the 18S rRNA and cytb genesJournal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Vol. 460Issr analysis of some species of angustifoliate fescue3 December 2014 | Cytology and Genetics, Vol. 48, No. 6Further development of sample preparation and detection methods for O157 and the top 6 non-O157 STEC serogroups in cattle fecesJournal of Microbiological Methods, Vol. 105Taxonomical and functional microbial community selection in soybean rhizosphere20 February 2014 | The ISME Journal, Vol. 8, No. 8Modification of gel architecture and TBE/TAE buffer composition to minimize heating during agarose gel electrophoresisAnalytical Biochemistry, Vol. 454Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with blush in peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]10 January 2014 | Tree Genetics & Genomes, Vol. 10, No. 2Genomic characterization of self-incompatibility ribonucleases in the Central Asian pear germplasm and introgression of new alleles from other species of the genus Pyrus15 January 2014 | Tree Genetics & Genomes, Vol. 10, No. 2Use of β-cyclodextrin and activated carbon for quantification of Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis from ground beef by conventional PCR without enrichmentFood Microbiology, Vol. 38The mitochondrial genomes of Amphiascoides atopus and Schizopera knabeni (Harpacticoida: Miraciidae) reveal similarities between the copepod orders Harpacticoida and PoecilostomatoidaGene, Vol. 538, No. 1Rescuing Aggregation-Prone Proteins in Escherichia coli with a Dual His6-MBP Tag29 May 2014Plasmid Construction by SLIC or Sequence and Ligation-Independent Cloning10 December 2013Using Klenow-Mediated Extension to Measure Poly(A)-Tail Length and Position in the Transcriptome26 February 2014Pyruvic Oxime Nitrification and Copper and Nickel Resistance by a Cupriavidus pauculus , an Active Heterotrophic Nitrifier-DenitrifierThe Scientific World Journal, Vol. 2014Cytoplasmic Granule Formation and Translational Inhibition of Nodaviral RNAs in the Absence of the Double-Stranded RNA Binding Protein B2Journal of Virology, Vol. 87, No. 24Geographic morphological variation of Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) and sex identification: using morphometric characters and molecular markers29 August 2013 | Polar Biology, Vol. 36, No. 12Effect of high molecular weight glutenins and rye translocations on soft wheat flour cookie qualityJournal of Cereal Science, Vol. 58, No. 3Identifying a Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase (ccd4) Gene Controlling Yellow/White Fruit Flesh Color of Peach24 July 2013 | Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, Vol. 31, No. 5“Selective cell death mediated by small conditional RNAs” is not selective28 October 2014 | Cancer Biology & Therapy, Vol. 14, No. 8Pathotype-specific QTL for stem rust resistance in Lolium perenne30 January 2013 | Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 126, No" @default.
• W1542375787 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1542375787 creator A5026775466 @default.
• W1542375787 creator A5079398934 @default.
• W1542375787 date "2004-02-01" @default.
• W1542375787 modified "2023-10-10" @default.
• W1542375787 title "Sodium boric acid: a Tris-free, cooler conductive medium for DNA electrophoresis" @default.
• W1542375787 cites W1499961353 @default.
• W1542375787 cites W1970484404 @default.
• W1542375787 cites W2003216620 @default.
• W1542375787 cites W2027393724 @default.
• W1542375787 cites W2043860143 @default.
• W1542375787 cites W2045024616 @default.
• W1542375787 cites W2049470485 @default.
• W1542375787 cites W4255127508 @default.
• W1542375787 doi "https://doi.org/10.2144/04362bm02" @default.
• W1542375787 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14989083" @default.
• W1542375787 hasPublicationYear "2004" @default.
• W1542375787 type Work @default.
• W1542375787 sameAs 1542375787 @default.
• W1542375787 citedByCount "300" @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872012 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872013 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872014 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872015 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872016 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872017 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872018 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872019 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872020 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872021 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872022 @default.
• W1542375787 countsByYear W15423757872023 @default.
• W1542375787 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W1542375787 hasAuthorship W1542375787A5026775466 @default.
• W1542375787 hasAuthorship W1542375787A5079398934 @default.
• W1542375787 hasBestOaLocation W15423757871 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C116084860 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C178790620 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C185592680 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C2776839515 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C2781014771 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C40250595 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C43617362 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C537181965 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C552990157 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConcept C55493867 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C116084860 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C178790620 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C185592680 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C2776839515 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C2781014771 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C40250595 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C43617362 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C537181965 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C552990157 @default.
• W1542375787 hasConceptScore W1542375787C55493867 @default.
• W1542375787 hasIssue "2" @default.
• W1542375787 hasLocation W15423757871 @default.
• W1542375787 hasLocation W15423757872 @default.
• W1542375787 hasLocation W15423757873 @default.
• W1542375787 hasOpenAccess W1542375787 @default.
• W1542375787 hasPrimaryLocation W15423757871 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W2016876762 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W2035449592 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W2050407748 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W2053103690 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W2075361777 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W2382387498 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W4311906919 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W1968838065 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W2065501273 @default.
• W1542375787 hasRelatedWork W2523045031 @default.
• W1542375787 hasVolume "36" @default.
• W1542375787 isParatext "false" @default.
• W1542375787 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W1542375787 magId "1542375787" @default.
• W1542375787 workType "article" @default.