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• W1543280074 abstract "Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive adult brain tumor with a patient median survival of 15 months from the time of diagnosis, and less than 20 weeks for patients with recurrent tumors. Current standard of care consists of multimodality therapy including image-guided tumor resection, fractionated radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. This aggressive therapy is non-specific and highly toxic, leaving collateral damage to surrounding normal brain and systemic tissue, and is often debilitating to patients. Thus, there is a dire need for a more effective therapy that more specifically targets tumor cells while minimizing damage to surrounding eloquent cerebral cortex. Immunotherapy is based on the premise that the inherent sensitivity and specificity of immunologic reactivity could deliver tumor cell-specific therapy. Cellular immunotherapy aims to utilize the patient’s own immune cells that are harvested, expanded ex vivo, primed against tumor antigens, and returned to the host, in order to direct an anti-tumor immune response with specificity and efficiency. During early efforts in immunotherapy, tumor specific antigens were unknown and it was unclear whether tumor antigens could be recognized and targeted by the immune system. The identification of tumor antigens began with those expressed in malignant melanoma, and soon there was an explosion in the development of antigen specific immunologic treatments against solid tumors. In the past several years, pre-clinical models of cancer have reliably demonstrated that the immune system is capable of targeting tumor antigens and eradicating malignancies. It has also been demonstrated clinically that the human immune system is capable of recognizing antigens within malignant tumor cells with precision, and current immunotherapy research aims to induce potent antitumor immune responses to prolong patient survival. It was initially unclear if a potent immune response was inducible against brain tumors because of the immunoprivileged nature of the nervous system, but studies have demonstrated that immune effector cells can infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS) and induce efficient immune responses against intracranial tumors. Current research in cellular immunotherapy against cancer is directed at eliciting a specific immune response against tumor antigens using active immunization with cellular vaccines or adoptive transfer of ex vivo activated lymphocytes. Clinical studies testing the safety and efficacy of cellular vaccines in patients with grade III or grade IV gliomas include the" @default.
• W1543280074 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1543280074 creator A5075312184 @default.
• W1543280074 creator A5087959258 @default.
• W1543280074 date "2011-08-23" @default.
• W1543280074 modified "2023-10-03" @default.
• W1543280074 title "Cellular Immunotherapy for Malignant Brain Tumors" @default.
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