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• W1543485180 abstract "S ince 1856, when a thick-browed, humanlike skull turned up in Germany's Neander valley, the ancient people known as Neandertals have suffered a less-than-flattering reputation. A 19th-century anatomist described Neandertals as benighted members of the genus Homo. Their muscled bodies and simple tools contributed to their image as the brutish cousins of the human family. Most researchers do credit Neandertals with being well-adapted creatures who survived the cold climate of Europe long before the appearance of modern humans, H. sapiens. Some anthropologists consider Neandertals a regional variant of modern humans, who most scholars believe evolved in Africa about 200,000 years ago. Many, however, see them as a separate species and doubt that they shared H. sapiens' newly sophisticated behaviors. Although Neandertals' brains were roughly the same size as those of modem people, they often have been portrayed as lacking the language skills, foresight, creativity, and other cognitive abilities of modern humans. In this view, the simpler ways of Neandertals marked them for extinction after modern humans-the makers of cave paintings and more advanced toolsarrived in Western Europe about 40,000 years ago. By 30,000 years ago, Neandertals had vanished. That tends to predispose people to thinking about them in one specific kind of way, as the loser, says John J. Shea of the State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook. In recent years, however, research has begun to cast a more complimentary light on the older cousins. This emerging view depicts Neandertals as having a capacity for creative, flexible behavior somewhat like that of modern people. For example, although some anthropologists have argued that Neandertals showed limited prowess as hunters, German archaeologists in 1997 reported finding a trio of aerodynamic wooden spears that they concluded ancestors of Neandertals made 400,000 years ago (SN: 3/1/97, p. 134). Studies published in a supplement to the June CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY offer further support for polishing the Neandertal's image. Researchers from France and Portugal report that Neandertals occupying a French cave developed their own, relatively sophisticated ornaments and tools, distinct from those of their modern-human neighbors. Two other studies challenge the view that Neandertals could not hunt effectively and had to survive by scavenging the leftovers of animal predators. Other scientists have disputed aspects of the new studies. But many say that the emerging evidence may help researchers find possibly subtle differences between modern human and Neandertal cultures that can explain why one flowered and the other vanished. We can make [Neandertals] more like us in some but that's not saying they were like us in all respects, says Christopher B. Stringer, an anthropologist at the Natural History Museum in London. Although he views Neandertals as a separate species, he says, studies like the one from France narrow the gap." @default.
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• W1543485180 date "1998-08-01" @default.
• W1543485180 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1543485180 title "Giving Neandertals Their Due" @default.
• W1543485180 doi "https://doi.org/10.2307/4010736" @default.
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