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• W1543866547 abstract "The cabbage white butterfly (CWB), diamondback moth(DM) and cabbage aphid (CA) are the most important pestsof brassica crops in Tasmania.The basic biology and ecology of these pests were studiedin laboratory and field experiments and commercial cabbagecrops. Key biotic and abiotic factors influencing theseasonality and abundance were identified by regularsampling. Populations of CWB and DM were markedly seasonalwith maximum densities recorded in December-January. Incontrast, CA persisted in cabbage fields throughout theyear and was the most abundant in spring and autumn.Number of generations of each species was related to theamount of heat they experienced as measured by degree-daysand were 5, 5 and 13 for CWB, DM and CA respectively.Direct counts of insects per plant were the most reliablemeasure of abundance as conventional trapping techniquessampled insects in general flight rather than thepopulation on the crops. Natural enemies wereinsignificant factors in population regulation.In the examination of the insect-plant interaction,the cabbage plant was classified into 6 readilyidentifiable growth stages, the development of whichrequired a specific number of degree-days. The cabbageplant was able to compensate for insect damage however,attack by CWB at cupping, DM at early cupping, and preheading and CA at post seedling, cupping and pre heading resulted in irreversible losses in vegetative growth and final marketable product. Plant sensitivity to defoliationis discussed in relation to the growth and developmentpattern of cabbage plant.Regular insecticide sprays promoted pest resurgencewhile lack of sanitation e.g. non-removal of crop wastesand residues, inappropriate insecticides and time ofapplications were found to be common features incommercial fields that aggravated pest status. Abeneficial consequence of this study was that regularmonitoring of crop and destruction of stubbles and cropresidues became part of the commercial grower's programme.Criteria for spraying decisions were developed based onthe kind and frequency of chemicals employed, the plantgrowth stage and the density and stage of the respectivepests.Integrated control schedules including chemicalinsecticides and bacterial, fungal and nematode pathogenformulations were compared to recommended spray schedules.Although less damaging to natural enemies thesealternative treatments were unreliable being dependent onappropriate plant growth stage and environmentalconditions for effectiveness. Resource partitioning inmultipest infestations was observed and the unilateralimpact of infestation on plant economy was quantified.Spray application decisions based on plant stage andminimum damaging pest levels provided economic control fora lower cost.Oviposition and larval damage of lepidopterans were directly related to the degree of waxiness of cabbagecultivars. In contrast, CA was not affected by waxes bututilizes an alternative strategy involving direct testing(probing) and plant water status. Non-preference was thedominant mode of cabbage plant resistance to pestinfestation.Experimental disruption of the leaf wax bloom bysolvent sprays or systemic wax inhibitors was found tosuppress oviposition and larval feeding in CWB and DM andalate colonization and larviposition by CA. Thephysiological and chemical basis of this phenomenon wasinvestigated and it is hypothesized that CWB and DMbehaviour is modified by changes in levels of waxcomponents notably alkanes, ketones, alcohols, aldehydesand the triterpenoids a and (3 amyrin while CA is directlyinfluenced by water status of plant as determined byprobing.In summary, this dissertation provides :(i) a practical appraisal of cabbage pest controlin terms of materials employed and culturalpractices and makes recommendations fordecision making related to pest infestationlevels and plant growth stage and ;(ii) an alternative explanation to the mechanismof host plant selection by insect pests." @default.
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• W1543866547 date "1987-01-01" @default.
• W1543866547 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W1543866547 title "Ecology, behaviour and integrated control of cabbage insect pests in Tasmania" @default.
• W1543866547 hasPublicationYear "1987" @default.
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