FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1543976550> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W1543976550 abstract "Diarrhoea and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections represent a large disease burden worldwide, particularly in low-income countries. As the aetiological agents associated with diarrhoea and STHs are transmitted through faeces, the safe containment and management of human excreta has the potential to reduce exposure and disease. Child faeces may be an important source of exposure even among households with improved sanitation.To assess the effectiveness of interventions to improve the disposal of child faeces for preventing diarrhoea and STH infections.We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, and 10 other databases. We also searched relevant conference proceedings, contacted researchers, searched websites for organizations, and checked references from identified studies. The date of last search was 27 September 2018.We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled studies (NRS) that compared interventions aiming to improve the disposal of faeces of children aged below five years in order to decrease direct or indirect human contact with such faeces with no intervention or a different intervention in children and adults.Two review authors selected eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. We used meta-analyses to estimate pooled measures of effect where appropriate, or described the study results narratively. We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach.Sixty-three studies covering more than 222,800 participants met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-two studies were cluster RCTs, four were controlled before-and-after studies (CBA), and 37 were NRS (27 case-control studies (one that included seven study sites), three controlled cohort studies, and seven controlled cross-sectional studies). Most study sites (56/69) were in low- or lower middle-income settings. Among studies using experimental study designs, most interventions included child faeces disposal messages along with other health education messages or other water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) hardware and software components. Among observational studies, the main risk factors relevant to this review were safe disposal of faeces in the latrine or defecation of children under five years of age in a latrine.Education and hygiene promotion interventions, including child faeces disposal messages (no hardware provision)Four RCTs found that diarrhoea incidence was lower, reducing the risk by an estimated 30% in children under six years old (rate ratio 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59 to 0.86; 2 trials, low-certainty evidence). Diarrhoea prevalence measured in two other RCTs in children under five years of age was lower, but evidence was low-certainty (risk ratio (RR) 0.93, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.04; low-certainty evidence).Two controlled cohort studies that evaluated such an intervention in Bangladesh did not detect a difference on diarrhoea prevalence (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.28; very low-certainty evidence). Two controlled cross-sectional studies that evaluated the Health Extension Package in Ethiopia were associated with a lower two-week diarrhoea prevalence in 'model' households than in 'non-model households' (odds ratio (OR) 0.26, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.42; very low-certainty evidence).Programmes to end open defecation by all (termed community-led total sanitation (CLTS) interventions plus adaptations)Four RCTs measured diarrhoea prevalence and did not detect an effect in children under five years of age (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.07; moderate-certainty evidence). The analysis of two trials did not demonstrate an effect of the interventions on STH infection prevalence in children (pooled RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.65; low-certainty evidence).One controlled cross-sectional study compared the prevalence of STH infection in open defecation-free (ODF) villages that had received a CLTS intervention with control villages and reported a higher level of STH infection in the intervention villages (RR 2.51, 95% CI 1.74 to 3.62; very low-certainty evidence).Sanitation hardware and behaviour change interventions, that included child faeces disposal hardware and messagingTwo RCTs had mixed results, with no overall effect on diarrhoea prevalence demonstrated in the pooled analysis (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.26; very low-certainty evidence).WASH hardware and education/behaviour change interventionsOne RCT did not demonstrate an effect on diarrhoea prevalence (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.41; very low-certainty evidence).Two CBAs reported that the intervention reduced diarrhoea incidence by about a quarter in children under five years of age, but evidence was very low-certainty (rate ratio 0.77, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.84). Another CBA reported that the intervention reduced the prevalence of STH in an intervention village compared to a control village, again with GRADE assessed at very low-certainty (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.73).Case-control studiesPooled results from case-control studies that presented data for child faeces disposal indicated that disposal of faeces in the latrine was associated with lower odds of diarrhoea among all ages (OR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62 to 0.85; 23 comparisons; very low-certainty evidence). Pooled results from case-control studies that presented data for children defecating in the latrine indicated that children using the latrine was associated with lower odds of diarrhoea in all ages (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.90; 7 studies; very low-certainty evidence).Evidence suggests that the safe disposal of child faeces may be effective in preventing diarrhoea. However, the evidence is limited and of low certainty. The limited research on STH infections provides only low and very-low certainty evidence around effects, which means there is currently no reliable evidence that interventions to improve safe disposal of child faeces are effective in preventing such STH infections.While child faeces may represent a source of exposure to young children, interventions generally only address it as part of a broader sanitation initiative. There is a need for RCTs and other rigorous studies to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of different hardware and software interventions to improve the safe disposal of faeces of children of different age groups." @default.
• W1543976550 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1543976550 creator A5009242510 @default.
• W1543976550 creator A5023705297 @default.
• W1543976550 creator A5035056955 @default.
• W1543976550 creator A5063262336 @default.
• W1543976550 date "2019-09-24" @default.
• W1543976550 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1543976550 title "Interventions to improve disposal of child faeces for preventing diarrhoea and soil-transmitted helminth infection" @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1510058412 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1515739040 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1543976550 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1584701487 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1598108561 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1652742507 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1656058953 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1761405614 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1774588359 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1911314546 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1934638543 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1963803624 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1968160498 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1969864987 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1980524096 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1982429561 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1996771878 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1998257474 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1999199465 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W1999252608 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2001004070 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2001644926 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W200473213 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2007049925 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2013282837 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2019710900 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2023868269 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2030630373 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2031102255 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2032656223 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2034847662 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2035863804 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2036446082 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2038044671 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2040555771 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2040633924 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2041312307 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2044058742 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2049544033 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2049987191 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2050134745 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2053816724 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2058004416 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2058574442 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2059228407 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2060775513 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2068438153 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2069487617 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2073212356 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2079773685 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2082407281 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2084746851 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2096394008 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2098759063 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2100958580 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2102201378 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2103429374 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2104675861 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2105448025 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2107875507 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2108182152 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2111663489 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2114053580 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2117678428 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2119234945 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2119427701 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2121051375 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2121771957 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2125435699 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2127978581 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2129844880 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2130185751 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2134236426 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2138946023 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2139879439 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2144471570 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2146517647 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2146527466 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2146822505 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2150466787 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2151211884 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2152947137 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2155277895 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2156200786 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2158789015 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2159218216 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2161489285 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2169803520 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2171475272 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2172098474 @default.
• W1543976550 cites W2227783294 @default.

• next