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- W1544110916 abstract "Studies have suggested that the properties of the neuropeptide synapse in the mammalian brain do not faithfully follow the pattern evident for the neuromuscular junction cholinergic synapse. This chapter explores this issue by studying the actions of the dynorphin neuropeptides in the hippocampus. The opioid peptides are chosen because they were among the first to have well-characterized competitive receptor antagonists. The hippocampus is chosen because this mammalian brain structure contained a group of cells (the granule cells of the dentate gyrus) that synthesized the dynorphins and released these peptides in a calcium-dependent manner. Slices of the hippocampus maintain viability and are also readily studied as an in vitro preparation. The results suggest that dynorphins act as retrograde neurotransmitters, released from the dendrites of the granule cells following perforant path activation; retrograde feedback has several conceptual advantages. First, it provides direct feedback regulation of an excitatory input from the target. Second, providing the feedback from the dendrite rather than an axon allows a spatially precise regulation of the active input. Third, the diffusion of the dynorphin peptides from the sites of release to the targets enables the peptide to activate kappa receptors. Lastly, the dynorphins produce inhibition that has a much longer duration than that of the standard transmitter; following a short train of activation events, the released dynorphin produces inhibition that is sustained for many seconds to minutes." @default.
- W1544110916 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1544110916 date "2000-01-01" @default.
- W1544110916 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W1544110916 title "Dynorphins are endogenous opioid peptides released from granule cells to act neurohumorly and inhibit excitatory neurotransmission in the hippocampus" @default.
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- W1544110916 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6123(00)25025-5" @default.
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