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- W1544380631 abstract "The progress of European integration causes different constraints and options for national politicians. The German discussion on this multi-level governance starts with Fritz Scharpf’s application of his joint decision theory on EC’s institutional setting. In the original version, Scharpf claimed that European integration primarily occurs in the field of negative (economic) integration because of the many obstacles for positive (political) integration (cf. Scharpf 1988). Focussing on European Council’s decision-making Scharpf named the unanimity principle as one of the most important reasons for blockades of new regulatory policies designed to curb negative externalities emerging from market activities. Especially in fields of social, health, safety and environmental process regulation, but also in macro-economic employment policy and industrial relations positive integration will be hampered by the different interests of rich and poor memberstates. Meanwhile there are several theoretical arguments and empirical results demonstrating that there are at least exceptions to the logic inherent in the so-called joint decision trap (cf. Jachtenfuchs and Kohler-Koch 1996; Kohler-Koch 1998). So by analyzing multi-level governance questions arise about how and under which conditions politicians (can) escape the trap of regulatory rise to the bottom. While most scholars either argue for preservation of national problem solving capacities or for ways to stimulate positive integration, the papers presented in this symposium argue for (different) forms of “soft regulation”. The third way of governance presented by Klemmer, Becker-Soest and Wink includes strategies which focus on intergovernmental coordination to improve the use of remaining problem solving capacities by national governments. Within this soft regulation the European Union may serve as a “virtual learning forum”." @default.
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- W1544380631 date "2000-01-01" @default.
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- W1544380631 title "Changing Patterns of European Governance (1): Introduction to the Symposium" @default.
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