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- W1546157202 abstract "Individual housing, deprivation of sucking behaviour, and low milk intake are considered to be some of the factors which may reduce calf welfare. This thesis consists of three experiments that examined the effects of various rearing strategies on feed intake, growth, oral behaviour, and welfare of young dairy calves. Results concerning group (outside or inside the barn) and individual rearing of calves, keeping cows and calves together for a longer period than colostrum feeding, and water drinking on ad libitum milk replacer feeding are presented. In addition, meta-analyses from the three above mentioned experiments were conducted to evaluate relationships between intakes of different feeds, and feed intake and growth before and after weaning off milk. The aim of the first experiment was to compare feeding behaviour and the performance of young dairy calves in warm and cold group housing systems. In addition, housing calves individually and in groups inside the barn was compared. Group rearing may socially facilitate calves to start eating dry feeds and ruminating earlier than individual housing. Cross sucking problems in calf groups can be reduced by feeding and management factors. Group-housed calves can cope with the changing temperatures in an unheated production system if they are under careful management. Low temperatures can, however, decrease the time spent eating, and may thus affect growth, at least if the eating place is outside, and separated from the lying area which is in shelter. In the second experiment the effect of five weeks of restricted suckling (twice a day suckling two hours after the cows were milked) followed by three weeks of even more restricted suckling (once a day) was compared to abrupt weaning after five weeks of restricted suckling to see if the former had less effect on feed intake, growth and weaning behaviour of the calves. When the calves were weaned at five weeks of age, they did not eat dry feed in sufficient amounts to compensate for the loss of milk provision. Consequently, the calves abruptly weaned at the age of five weeks lost weight after weaning. Therefore, from a calf welfare point of view total weaning at the age of five weeks from high milk allowance is not recommended since calves had difficulties in coping in that situation. Five weeks of twice a day suckling, followed by three weeks of once a day suckling reduces the decline in energy intake and growth following weaning. However, weaning from suckling the dam affected calves’ behaviour, both at the age of five and eight weeks, by increasing calves’ restlessness and vocalizations after weaning. In the third experiment the objective was firstly to examine water intake of calves fed acidified milk replacer ad libitum during the milk feeding and weaning stages. Secondly, the objective was to determine whether the method of water delivery (open bucket or nipple) impacted water and feed intake and growth during these periods, or oral behaviour during weaning. Calves consumed very little water when they had ad libitum access to acidified milk replacer, but after weaning the calves increased their water intake very quickly. No differences in water intake between the two water sources were noted" @default.
- W1546157202 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W1546157202 creator A5072413925 @default.
- W1546157202 date "2008-04-18" @default.
- W1546157202 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W1546157202 title "Rearing strategies of young dairy calves in relation to production, behaviour and welfare" @default.
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