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- W1549698802 abstract "To the Editor: In recent years, patients have been increasingly encouraged to participate in clinical decision-making, but the extent to which they wish to be involved differs, with older adults preferring a less-active role.1, 2 Most older adults prefer their physician to make the final decisions about their medical care, although they wish to be informed and want their physician to take their concerns and wishes into account when making care decisions.3 Therefore, it is important, as a first step toward shared decision-making, to know what a particular patient values most and what his or her care-related goals are. Because few studies have examined the goals of frail older adults, the primary aim of this study was to give an overview of the care-related goals of community-dwelling frail older adults. Data collected during two studies conducted in the Province of Gelderland, the Netherlands, were used.4, 5 Participants in the first study were community-dwelling frail older adults (≥70) whose general practitioners referred them for problems with cognition, nutrition, behavior, mood, or mobility;4 participants in the second study were frail older adults suspected of being cognitively impaired.5 In the intervention arm of each study, a nurse used the EASYcare assessment6 for in-home geriatric assessment. This assessment included an item aimed at identifying participants' goals: “If there is one thing we can do for you to improve your situation, what would you like?” These goals were retrospectively identified from the case record forms. Two of the authors reviewed them independently (SR and MP) and classified them according to the taxonomy for goal-setting as developed previously.7 This taxonomy characterizes goals on domain, specificity, time frame, and level of challenge. Because the databases did not include data concerning time frame and level of challenge as perceived by the patient, goals were not classified on these attributes. In case of disagreement about classification, consensus was reached through discussion. There were 366 participants in the intervention groups of both studies. For 119 participants, no information was recorded on whether goals were discussed or identified. Of the remaining 247 participants, 146 (59.1%) were reported to have identified one or more goals, and these goals were recorded for 140 participants. The mean age of participants was 81.2 (range 61–99), 75 participants (30.4%) were male, and mean Mini-Mental State Examination score was 23.1 (range 9–30; recorded for 207 participants). No significant differences were found on these baseline characteristics between participants who identified a goal and those who did not. Participants identified a total of 162 goals. Interrater agreement (SR and MP) about the domain classification of these goals was 87.7%. Goals relating to health problems (20.4%), living accommodation (18.5%), social and family relationships (17.3%), and mobility (15.4%) were mentioned most frequently. Other goals mentioned concerned emotions (9.9%), independence and autonomy (3.7%), activities (4.9%), healthcare and welfare services (6.2%), and finances (1.2%). Illustrative examples of these goals are provided in Table 1. Participants' goals varied in specificity for each domain (Table 1). Interrater agreement on specificity was 79.0%. Of the 162 goals mentioned, 12.3% were global (e.g., staying healthy), 50.6% were intermediate (e.g., not forgetting so much), and 37.0% were specific (e.g., a referral to the department of geriatric medicine to examine cognitive problems). This study has shown that care-related goals of community-dwelling frail older adults differ between individuals and cover domains that concern well-being just as much as they concern health and functioning. This agrees with previous research, in which participants stated that, except for maintaining health and functioning, maintaining independence and well-being were the most important goals.8, 9 Participants' goals were classified according to an existing taxonomy for goals.7 However, some additions to its domains were required, especially on the subject of well-being. Therefore, the domains living accommodation, activities, and health and welfare services were added, because many participants mentioned goals relating explicitly to these subjects. This study had some limitations. Because studying goals of frail older adults was not the primary aim of the studies used, nurses were not trained in goal-setting, which resulted in less attention being given to eliciting participants' goals and case records sometimes lacking data concerning goals. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that care-related goals of frail community-dwelling older adults are diverse and highly individual. This stresses the importance of discussing goals with patients in everyday clinical practice. The authors would like to thank Hanny Hordijk, Marleen Lenkens, and Leny Theunisse for recording the data in the two studies used. Conflict of Interest: The editor in chief has reviewed the conflict of interest checklist provided by the authors and has determined that the authors have no financial or any other kind of personal conflicts with this paper. This work was supported by a grant from the Dutch National Care for the Elderly Program, coordinated and sponsored by ZonMw (the organization for health research and development), the Netherlands (Grant 60-61900-98-129). Author Contributions: Concept and design: S.H.M. Robben and M. Perry. Analysis and interpretation of the data: S.H.M. Robben and M. Perry. Drafting of the article: S.H.M. Robben. Critical revision of the article: M. Perry; M.G.M. Olde Rikkert, M.M. Heinen, and R.J.F. Melis. Sponsor's Role: None." @default.
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- W1549698802 date "2011-08-01" @default.
- W1549698802 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1549698802 title "CARE-RELATED GOALS OF COMMUNITY-DWELLING FRAIL OLDER ADULTS" @default.
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- W1549698802 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03515.x" @default.
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