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• W1550616462 abstract "Maurice Bloch’s Anthropology and the Cognitive Challenge (Bloch 2012) is a luminous essay about the tumultuous relationships between cultural anthropology and disciplines more oriented towards the natural sciences. In a theoretical tour-de-force, Bloch’s clear writing allows the reader to better understand why most anthropologists are so reluctant to take into account naturalistic attempts to specify what makes us human. According to Bloch, one of the best ways to reduce the gap between anthropology and the cognitive sciences is to take the architecture of human cognition more seriously. This architecture is constituted by the deepest, universal level that is inherited ‘from our very remote pre-mammalian ancestors’ and the higher levels that are ‘unique specializations ofour species’. Bloch argues thatsuch an architecturealsounderlies human identity, which he calls the ‘blob’ in order to avoid confusion with any relevant existing theories. The blob can be separated into several levels that are ‘organically united’ with each other. The ‘core self’ is characterised by the pre-reflective experience of one’ sb ody as an agent located in space and differentiated from other entities. The ‘minimal self’, which is particularly developed in social species, involves the sense of continuity of oneself and others in time and requires episodic, short-term memory in order to process information about past behaviours and to plan future behaviours. Last but not least, the‘narrative self’ involvesautobiographicalmemorythatismoreorlessreflexively‘sustained’bynarratives that create an identity, invariant over time and contexts. Because this narrative self is infusedwithlanguageandmetarepresentations,itiseasilycaughtupinthepublicdiscourses onwhichanthropologiststendtofocus.But,toBloch,focusingonthese‘publicselves’,so readily accessible to the anthropological gaze, might be misleading. The blob is a multilayered phenomenon that results from a two-way process, one going from the cultural settings to the core layers of the blob, the other going from natural neuro-psychological processes to high-level self-narratives. While we applaud and admire Bloch’s proposal to reconcile anthropology with cognitive sciences, we are more sceptical about the way he tends to take up the mentalistic framing of social cognition as theory of mind that most psychologists tend to favour. Indeed, after characterising the blobs as naturally differentiated entities, Bloch defines social interactions as the mutual process of reading, penetrating or colonising the minds or the ‘blobs’ of others. The social and cultural world is thus based on a process of ‘interpenetration’ that allows us to go in and out of each other’s bodies and minds. Admittedly, this process of interpenetration has different scales of space" @default.
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• W1550616462 date "2015-05-01" @default.
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• W1550616462 title "Must cognitive anthropology be mentalistic? Moving towards a relational ontology of social reality" @default.
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• W1550616462 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12118" @default.
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