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- W1550846896 abstract "Explosives are a critically important component of avalanche control programs. They are used both to initiate avalanches and to test snowpack instability by ski areas, highway departments and other avalanche programs around the world. Current understanding of the effects of explosives on snow is mainly limited to shock wave behavior exhibited through stress wave velocities, pressures and attenuation. This study aims to enhance current knowledge of how explosives physically alter snow by providing practical, field-based observations and analyses that quantify the effect of explosives on snow density and snow stability test results. Density and stability test results were evaluated both before and after the application of 0.9 kg cast pentolite boosters as air blasts. Changes in these properties were evaluated at specified distances up to 4 meters (m) from the blast center using a density gauge and Compression Tests (CTs). Statistically significant density increases occurred out to a distance of 1.5 m from the blast center and down to a depth of 60 centimeters (cm). Statistically significant density increases were also observed at the surface (down to 20 cm) out to a distance of 4 m. Results from CTs showed a decrease in the number of taps needed for column failure in the post explosive tests. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the physical changes in snow following explosives, which may lead to more effective and efficient avalanche risk mitigation." @default.
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- W1550846896 date "2012-01-01" @default.
- W1550846896 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
- W1550846896 title "The Effects of Explosives on the Physical Properties of Snow" @default.
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