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• W1550936497 abstract "Two ERP components are discussed in relation to studies ofsemantic and mnemonic processing, namely the N400 and LPC. TheN400 is a monophasic negativity typically observed between 250 - 500ms post-stimulus. Semantic and repetition priming studies utilisinglinguistic stimuli in the visual modality (i.e. words, nonwords), andstimulus paradigms (i.e. sentence priming and lexical decision tasks)have indicated that the N400 is readily evoked by semantic anomalyand is sensitive to word frequency (low frequency words elicitinggreater amplitude N400s than high frequency words), word class(larger N400s to content words), semantic relatedness (larger N400s tounrelated words), subject expectancy (larger N400s to unexpectedwords within a context), phonology (larger N400s to non-rhymingwords and nonwords), and repetition (attenuated N400s followingword repetition). Theoretical formulations suggest the N400 indexesthe degree of spreading activation throughout the semantic network(Morton, 1969), contextual integration (Rugg, 1990), semanticexpectancy (Kutas & Hillyard, 1984), or a memory search process(Bentin & McCarthy, 1994). Which of these formulations mostaccurately explains the N400 is currently unresolved. Whether thenegativity observed following semantic anomaly in paradigmsemploying nonlinguistic stimuli (e.g. pictures, faces, and music) isreflecting the same process as the N400 elicited by linguistic anomaly,is also the subject of considerable debate.Enhanced LPC amplitudes in language tasks are typically recordedto sentence final words. The broad, post N400 positivity, occursapproximately 550-800 ms post-stimulus and is presumed to reflectprocesses associated with closure (Friedman, Simson, Ritter, & Rapin,1975; Kutas & Hillyard, 1982), certainty (Stuss, Picton, Cerri, Leech, &Stethem, 1992), and integrative elaborative processing (Andrews,Mitchell, & Ward, 1993). All task relevant stimuli appear to elicit theLPC, its amplitude being inversely related to subjective probability.The LPC is also associated with certain aspects of mnemonicprocessing. Enhanced LPC amplitudes have been recorded to stimuliwhich are subsequently recognised, to 'seen' stimuli as compared to'unseen', and to the second presentations of stimuli. Subsequent tothese findings, it has been hypothesised that the LPC observed inmemory and repetition paradigms reflects some process associatedwith both encoding and retrieval. Resulting from the perceivedsimilarity between the LPC component elicited in these variousparadigms, some investigators posit that similar episodic processessubserve them (Besson & Kutas, 1993)." @default.
• W1550936497 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1550936497 date "1995-01-01" @default.
• W1550936497 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1550936497 title "Priming Pictures and Words: An Investigation of the N400 and LPC" @default.
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