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• W1550991837 startingPage "191" @default.
• W1550991837 abstract "Gametes and their precursors, the gametocytes, are the very special cell types that Plasmodium developed in the course of evolution to accomplish such key steps in its life cycle and are the subject of this chapter. In the main, cellular and molecular aspects of gametocyte and gamete formation will be covered here. Plasmodium gametocytes originate in the vertebrate host. Asexual multiplication in the bloodstream provides Plasmodium with a novel environment for its propagation but also extends the period available for sexual differentiation and transmission. In P. falciparum, sibling parasites derived from individual, isolated schizonts were analyzed in different studies by morphology and with specific antibodies distinguishing between gametocytes and asexual parasites or male and female gametocytes. Malaria parasites typically produce more female than male gametocytes, but they evolved the ability to modify gametocyte sex ratio during an infection. Sexual dimorphism clearly appears at the ultrastructural level and it is accompanied by expression of sex-specific molecular markers. Ultrastructural studies have identified secretory vesicles with an unknown osmiophilic content that are more abundant in macrogametocytes and are exocytosed within minutes of gametocyte activation, releasing their content into the parasitophorous vacuole. During microgametogenesis, the repeated rounds of replication and mitosis seem to proceed independently and uncoupled from some of the usual cell cycle checkpoints; as a result, DNA synthesis goes to completion even when mitosis is blocked by nocodazole, a microtubule-destabilizing drug, or by azadirachtin, a plant limnoid that inhibits exflagellation by interfering with mitotic spindles and axonemes." @default.
• W1550991837 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1550991837 creator A5018835870 @default.
• W1550991837 creator A5035168949 @default.
• W1550991837 date "2014-04-30" @default.
• W1550991837 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W1550991837 title "Gametocytes and Gametes" @default.
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