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• W1551068733 abstract "Organic light emitting diodes are highly attractive due to their utility and simplicity of fabrication and as a result are now readily commercially available. In such devices, the electroluminescent emissive layer is bounded by a metallic cathode in order to inject charge. For display applications, where integration with silicon is advantageous, top-emitting devices are of interest, which requires the light to be emitted through the metal cathode, thus limiting the transmission of light out of the structure. Recently, cross-coupled surface plasmon modes (SP) have been used to enhance the transmission of electroluminescence through such a metal cathode.' We demonstrate experimentally that if the metal layer is symmetrically clad, the excitation of the coupled SP modes further improves the transmission of luminescence through metal films by nearly an order of magnitude compared to the cross-coupling case. For common light-emitting diode structures clad with a metal cathode, SP modes of differing wavevector exist, localised on the metal-organic interface and on the metal-air interface, with excitation of the inner metal-dielectric SP being the dominant decay mechanism for excitons within 44 of the metal. The energy coupled to this mode can be recovered by Bragg scattering from a periodic grating microstructure, coupling the energy to free radiation. Strong emission is only seen for the specific wavelength and emission angle where the inner and outer SP modes cross-couple, their wavevectors being matched by the grating wavevector, leading to poor viewing angle characteristics. For a symmetrically clad silver film, the now-degenerate SP modes of each interface strongly interact, and instead of two single interface modes there exist two modes which each have fields extending across the metal film. This coupling does not depend on the grating, and hence the enhanced transmission exists for a continuous range of wavelengths and emission angles. In this coupled SP case, the grating merely supplies the scattering to free radiation. In this work we have measured the photoluminescence (PL) from sbuctures which support cross-coupled (Figure l(a)) and coupled SP modes (Figure l(b)) respectively, together with PL from planar control samples. The emission spectra from both corrugated samples display sharp peaks corresponding to the emission from SP modes as seen in Figure 2, leading to stronger emission than from the planar metal coated samples. The emission from the coupled SP modes is clearly much stronger than from the cross-coupled SP mode, the enhancement factor being -9 when spectrally integrated. This enhancement factor corresponds to the angle of peak emission for the cross-coupled SP sample; for other emission angles the enhancement factor is greater since the coupled SP emission enhancement is less angle sensitive, which we demonstrate by reporting the angle dependence of the PL from these samples. The use of coupled SP modes thus appears to offer an attractive means of enhancing the extraction of light from top-emitting LEDs." @default.
• W1551068733 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1551068733 date "2005-04-12" @default.
• W1551068733 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1551068733 title "Enhanced transmission of photoluminescence through metal films via coupled and cross-coupled surface plasmons" @default.
• W1551068733 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/cleoe.2003.1313436" @default.
• W1551068733 hasPublicationYear "2005" @default.
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