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• W1551168185 abstract "Because urban areas show a different climate when compared to their surroundings and alter localradiation and energy balances they are an important topic in climatology. Urban areas are also highlyheterogeneous areas when compared to rural ones, little research with satellite data has beenconducted until now. It is the goal of this thesis to model and illustrate, with the use of remotelysensed data, urban alterations of the radiation and energy flux densities in the spatial domain. Besidesvery detailed field measurements of the structure and dynamics of the urban boundary layer with alarge in situ data network from the Basel Urban Boundary Layer Experiment (BUBBLE), remotesensing data were analyzed and validated from several satellites. The BUBBLE experiment was a jointEuropean research project under the umbrella of COST (Cooperation Europeenne dans la domaine dela recherche Scientifique et Technique, COST 715: Meteorology applied to urban pollution problems).For this purpose data from AVHRR, MODIS, ASTER, LANDSAT ETM+ and Quickbird wereacquired and processed. After each step of the modelling the results from the remotely sensed datawere compared and validated with the in situ data.The first step was the validation of the thermal infrared (TIR) satellite data and an accuracyassessment of six different Split-Window algorithms for the AVHRR. The results for the differentsensors showed an average accuracy of less than ±5 % even in urban environments for the differentsensors.Afterwards the net all-wave radiation (Q*) was modelled with shortwave inputs derived from theShort Wave Irradiance Model (SWIM). The modelled broadband albedo was also derived fromsatellite data. The results of Q* showed a good mean absolute difference (MAD) of 26 Wm-2 overrural and urban surfaces. The spatial distribution of Q* also agreed fully with the in situ resultsshowing a lower Q* for the urban areas than for the countryside. For a very high resolution modellingof Q* in the city an experimental approach with thermal imagery from a helicopter overflight togetherwith data from Quickbird was used and showed the extent to which Q* in a city is influenced by thealbedo of the vegetation.From the available Q* the storage (or ground) heat flux ΔQS was modelled using three differentmodels: the complete aspect ratio model (CAR), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)and the Objective Hysteresis Model (OHM). The most useful results were achieved with the OHM,which was applied and validated with satellite data over an urban surface for the first time. The MADwas 17 Wm-2 with an RMSE of also of 17 Wm-2.After the successful modelling of the ground heat flux density, the latent QE and sensible QH heat fluxdensities were modelled with a combined Bowen-Ratio /NDVI approach resulting in a MAD of 28Wm-2 and 18 Wm-2 respectively.All the results of this thesis provided quite accurate representations of the distribution of the radiationand heat flux densities, as well as of the differences between rural and urban surfaces; therefore, themodel was applied and validated using datasets acquired from 2003 for the same research area,showing similar results as for the BUBBLE campaign. This shows the possible transferability of themodel to other times and dates.With the model described in this thesis the radiation and energy flux densities can be modelledaccurately in the spatial domain over urban (and rural) surfaces and used both for further urbanclimatology studies and for urban planning." @default.
• W1551168185 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1551168185 creator A5077418245 @default.
• W1551168185 date "2006-01-01" @default.
• W1551168185 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1551168185 title "Satellite analysis of radiation and heat fluxes during the Basel urban boundary layer experiment (BUBBLE)" @default.
• W1551168185 doi "https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas-004053395" @default.
• W1551168185 hasPublicationYear "2006" @default.
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