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• W1551560051 abstract "Abstract Modernization efforts in education, which were initiated in the 19th century, can be seen as forerunners of the modernization attempts in the Republic period. In this article, Greek education system in the Ottoman Empire will be discussed and the effects and importance of the changes observed in Greek girls' education in 19th and 20th centuries on the modernization period of the Ottoman Empire will be emphasized. Greek girls' education system is examined in terms of the schools in Istanbul. In the secular Greek education system, education of girls was considered highly important. The underlying reasons were the social change emerging in Europe and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century, recognition of the importance of women in the said change and the need to train teachers for schools that were increasing in number every day. The courses taught and methods used in Greek girls' schools played a major role in the reproduction of Greek nationalism by means of education. State authorities that closely watched these developments perceived them as a threat against their political existence, as a result of which inspection on these schools were increased; however, some of these models were also adopted for modern Ottoman education. Furthermore, increase in number of these schools caused competition, which accelerated the opening of Muslim schools. Innovations and developments in the Greek girls' education are significant in perceiving and evaluating the Ottoman education system as a whole. As a matter of fact, this period, which lasted throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, presents us with important clues, which will help us in understanding the education system of today. Key Words Greek Girls' Schools, Alilodidaktik Schools, Community Regulation, Greek Literature Association of Istanbul, Greek Women Associations. The purpose of this study is to examine the education of girls as an integral part of the modernization process of the Ottoman Empire focusing on the education system of Greek girls and its transformation, within the framework of education of girls in general. The ultimate aim is to study the place and the influence of the Greek girls' education on the Ottoman girls' education system. Method The Historical method is used in a methodological way in this article. As it is well known, this method is a way of examining a larger number of documents. As the initial emergence of Greek girls' education is studied in this article, the historical method was considered to be the most appropriate for this research. Thus, the first hand sources (Ottoman archive documents, the special archive of Dimitris Frangopoulos, the retired director of Zografyon High School) were combined with Greek, English, and Turkish secondary sources and examined in a comparative way. Within this context, the explanation of Greek girls' education system was attempted within the radical change that the Ottoman Empire experienced in its education system starting as of the 19th Century. The appearance and development of secular Greek girls' education system within the context of Greek girls' schools in Istanbul and the effect of Greek girls' education on Ottoman education were assessed. One of the most important difficulties faced so far is the fact that there is not a detailed analysis and research in Turkish literature on Ottoman Greek girls' education. Thus, the archive documents are privileged with being the main sources. Moreover, the continuous tracking of the changes that girls schools went through in the course of history is highly difficult. When there was a difference in terms of information between the sources, the problem was overcome by the comparison method. The Ottoman Empire entered into a long-term modernization period as of Tanzimat (Reforms Period) and adopted this as a state policy. This modernization policy of the state included a very extensive transformation which would change not only the political institutions but also the traditional social order. …" @default.
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• W1551560051 date "2010-04-01" @default.
• W1551560051 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1551560051 title "Ottoman Greek Education System and Greek Girls' Schools in Istanbul (19th and 20th Centuries)." @default.
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