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• W1551768105 abstract "This paper discusses factors contributing to differing translations of same source text, arguing that translation occurs on a continuum rather than having absolute criteria and procedures. Issues examined include formal properties of text, text's core of meaning, stability in semantic elements of text, text as both product and process, sources of differing interpretations, socialization of translator, and varying translations' degrees of dependence on source text. Contains 19 references. (MSE) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are best that can be made * * from original document. * ******************************************************************************** Plurality in Translation Farzaneh Farahzad Allameh Tabatab a' i University fe-krtyyt., eq-Al Any given source text induces numerous translations in any given target language. The cause for plurality and diversity of these translations, no matter whether they are recognized as inadequate, mediocre, Optimal,...etc., . is still an unresolved issue in translation studies; However, existence, or possibility of coming intO .existence, of several translations of a source text in a.. target language is an evidence of fact-that translation, by nature, Possesses., among other things, quality of being indeterministic, at least in certain respects. The issue of indeterminacy is best identifiable in various dichotomies suggested by. translation scholars within past few decades, for example Savbry's (1957) literal versusfree translation, Nida and. Taber's (1969) formal versus dynamic translation , Newmark's (1989) communicative versus semantic tranMation , Venuti's (1992) domesticated versus foreignized translation,...etc. The core of all these dichotOmies is that translation moves on a continuum rather than being absolute. . . . The. fact that translation moves on a continuum and therefore hardly yields itself to rigorous judgements adopted in empirical sciences, contradicts many U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from person or organization originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. 2 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) of attempts made so far to come up with concrete md fixed criteria for judging adequate translation from inadequate. However, adequate and inadequate versions are all Xranslations of a sinale-source text. What makes them pass as translations, and what makes them distinct as different translations ? Although not thoroughly explored in translation studies, above questions :have been tackled by very few translation scholars, among whom Popovic provides most elaborate, yet disputable account. Under influence of structuralism, and transformational grammar in particular, Popovic (1976:611) assigns diversity of target .language versions to formal properties of text and justifies possibility of severaktarget language versions of a source text in terms of what he calls the invariant core of in following way : In every translation there. is an 'invariant core' which is represented by stable, basic and constant semantic elements in text.Their existence can be proved by an experimental semantic condensation.This core of standardized meanings makes a reader's or translator's (or another ) oncretization , i.e. . transformations and variants, possible. These imply changes that do not modify core of meaning but influence only expressive form." @default.
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• W1551768105 title "Plurality in Translation." @default.
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