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• W1552005094 abstract "You have to admire Newton Minow. You really do. On May 9, 1961, JFK's youthful FCC Chairman strode confidently to the podium at the National Association of Broadcasters Convention and delivered a stinging rebuke of his hosts' business. Right there, in the very Belly of the Beast, Minow branded television with a label still resonates after the passage of four decades: TV, he said, is a of game shows, violence, audience participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, violence, sadism, murder, Western badmen, Western good men, private eyes, gangsters, more violence and cartoons. (1) The move was bold, the speech pithy, and in every important respect, wrong. The television marketplace at the time was neither vast nor as much of a wasteland as the Chairman claimed. More importantly, the speech itself was an exercise in public interest piracy--a naked effort to coerce broadcasters indirectly into doing what the government could not compel directly. It is the kind of speech puts the bully in the bully pulpit. The message itself was pretty unremarkable if you don't think about who delivered it, and where. After all, you don't have to be too smart to know TV can be dumb. As the popular euphemisms of the time made clear--like idiot box and boob tube--the ideas in the speech were not exactly original. Noted personages of the day also had made the same point: Frank Lloyd Wright called TV chewing gum for the eyes; (2) Ernie Kovacs said television is called a medium because it is neither rare nor well done; (3) and David Frost said television is an invention that permits you to be entertained in your living room by people you wouldn't have in your home. (4) But the message carries far more weight when delivered not by an architect, a comic, or a journalist, but by the Chairman of the agency grants, and, more to the point, denies broadcast licenses. The expression itself--vast wasteland--is positively Churchillian. Like Iron Curtain it is rich with imagery and can fit on a bumper sticker. And it is absolutely breathtaking to combine this memorable turn of phrase with the masterful stroke of delivering such an unwelcome message at the annual celebration of commercial broadcasting. The Vast Wasteland speech, as it has come to be known, is nothing less than the regulator's manifesto. For those who think the government should have a greater role in controlling what we see on TV and hear on the radio, the speech was the background theme for the journey to Red Lion Broadcasting Co. v. FCC. (5) Of course, Minow disclaimed any intent to engage in censorship: I am in Washington to help broadcasting, not to harm it; to strengthen it, not to weaken it; to reward it, not punish it; to encourage it, not threaten it; to stimulate it, not censor it. (6) In this respect, perhaps the speech should be considered Shakespearian (I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.). (7) But this was hardly a subtle exercise of regulation by raised eyebrow, either. The Chairman told the broadcasters their obligation to serve the public trust was imposed by law, and they should not expect automatic renewal of their licenses if their programming failed to improve. I say to you now: renewal will not be pro forma in the future. There is nothing permanent or sacred about a broadcast license. (8) He also scoffed at those who asked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC or Commission) to establish clear standards to qualify for license renewal. My answer is: Why should you want to know how close you can come to the edge of the cliff? (9) In this regard, Minow was not suggesting he wanted to impose his personal programming preferences on broadcasters. Heavens, no. That would be censorship, which, he said, strikes at the tap root of our free society. (10) Rather, the Chairman said he wanted to hold public hearings on license renewals to determine whether the community which each broadcaster serves believes he has been serving the public interest. …" @default.
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• W1552005094 date "2003-05-01" @default.
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• W1552005094 title "Avast Ye Wasteland: Reflections on America’s Most Famous Exercise in “Public Interest” Piracy" @default.
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