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- W1552013703 abstract "The emission of black carbon (BC) from East Asia and its long‐range transport strongly influence the mass concentration of BC ( M BC ) over the western Pacific. However, reliable and long‐term BC data are still limited in this region, especially at elevated altitudes. In this study, we present accurate measurements of M BC using a continuous soot monitoring system at Happo, a remote mountain site at an altitude of about 1.8 km in Japan, from August 2007 to August 2009. The annual average M BC at Happo was about 0.26 ± 0.18 (1σ) µg m −3 . The monthly average M BC values exhibited similar seasonal variations during both years, with minimum values in winter. Around 40% of the air sampled at the site was of free tropospheric (FT) origin, with about 10% originating in North China (NC) origin, respectively. The M BC values for FT (0.24 µg m −3 ) and NC (0.23 µg m −3 ) air were representative of the M BC values (0.26 µg m −3 ) at 1.8 km height in the western Pacific, which are strongly influenced by BC emissions in North China. The M BC values calculated using a regional‐scale model reproduced well the M BC observed at Happo. The model predicted that BC transported from northern China alone contributed ~53% to the measured M BC , consistent with trajectory analysis. The comparison of model‐calculated and observed M BC values indicates that the minimum values of M BC in winter were caused by the suppressed upward transport of BC over the Asian continent. Biomass burning in Siberia substantially increased M BC in the spring of 2008." @default.
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- W1552013703 date "2013-05-13" @default.
- W1552013703 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W1552013703 title "Seasonal variations of black carbon observed at the remote mountain site Happo in Japan" @default.
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- W1552013703 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50317" @default.
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