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- W1552507943 abstract "A finite <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=left-parenthesis 3 x plus 1 right-parenthesis> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>(3x+1)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>–trajectory is a sequence <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a underbar equals a 1 comma ellipsis comma a Subscript n Baseline> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:munder> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>_<!-- _ --></mml:mo> </mml:munder> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>…<!-- … --></mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>underline { a}=a_1,ldots ,a_n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of positive integers such that <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a Subscript i plus 1 Baseline equals 3 a Subscript i Baseline plus 1> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class=MJX-TeXAtom-ORD> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>a_{i+1}=3a_i+ 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> if <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a Subscript i> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>a_i</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is odd, <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a Subscript i plus 1 Baseline equals a Subscript i Baseline slash 2> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class=MJX-TeXAtom-ORD> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow class=MJX-TeXAtom-ORD> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>a_{i+1}=a_i/2</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> if <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a Subscript i> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>a_i</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is even, <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a Subscript i Baseline greater-than 1> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>a_i>1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> if <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=i greater-than n> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>i</mml:mi> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>i>n</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a Subscript n Baseline equals 1> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>a_n=1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. For such a sequence <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a underbar> <mml:semantics> <mml:munder> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>_<!-- _ --></mml:mo> </mml:munder> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>underline { a}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> we define <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=upper C left-parenthesis a underbar right-parenthesis equals left-parenthesis a 1 a 2 plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus a Subscript n minus 1 Baseline a Subscript n Baseline plus a Subscript n Baseline a 1 right-parenthesis slash left-parenthesis a 1 squared plus midline-horizontal-ellipsis plus a Subscript n Superscript 2 Baseline right-parenthesis> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:munder> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>_<!-- _ --></mml:mo> </mml:munder> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class=MJX-TeXAtom-ORD> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>−<!-- − --></mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class=MJX-TeXAtom-ORD> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⋯<!-- ⋯ --></mml:mo> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>C(underline { a}) = (a_1a_2+cdots +a_{n-1}a_n+a_na_1)/(a_1^2+cdots +a_n^2)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. We prove that <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=9 slash 13 greater-than upper C left-parenthesis a underbar right-parenthesis greater-than 5 slash 7> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>9</mml:mn> <mml:mrow class=MJX-TeXAtom-ORD> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy=false>(</mml:mo> <mml:munder> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mo>_<!-- _ --></mml:mo> </mml:munder> <mml:mo stretchy=false>)</mml:mo> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mrow class=MJX-TeXAtom-ORD> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>7</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>9/13>C(underline { a})>5/7</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> if <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a 1> <mml:semantics> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>a_1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is odd and <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=a 1 greater-than-or-equal-to 3> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>a</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≥<!-- ≥ --></mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>a_1ge 3</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. Histograms suggest that <inline-formula content-type=math/mathml> <mml:math xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML alttext=upper C> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding=application/x-tex>C</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> may have an interesting limiting distribution." @default.
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- W1552507943 date "2001-11-09" @default.
- W1552507943 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W1552507943 title "A new statistic for the 3𝑥+1 problem" @default.
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