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- W1552805224 abstract "Deep space exploration has captured the imagination of the human spirit for thousands of years. Advanced deep space and interstellar propulsion concepts are critical to advancing future exploration, both locally in our solar system and in exosolar applications. Investigation of interstellar space regions have yet to be achieved beyond 200 astronomical units (AU), where one AU is the average distance between Earth and the Sun (approximately 150 million km). Pristine interstellar matter is expected to exist in this region. Advanced missions currently without a viable, robust mechanism for exploration include: Stellar probes, interstellar probes, Kuiper belt rendezvous vehicles, Oort cloud explorers and nearest-star targets. Outer edge solar system planets, atmospheres and planetary moon systems may hold insights into the physics of the early universe, yet they too have been largely unexplored. Terrestrial visits to Mars polar caps and Jupiter’s icy moon oceans have been identified as future missions requiring advanced power and propulsion techniques. Despite overwhelming scientific interest and over 50 years of research, a robust mechanism for rapid space and interstellar exploration remains elusive. Propulsion and power technology applicable to deep space missions has generally fallen into four classes: chemical, fission, fusion, and exotic physics-based concepts. Despite persistent research in novel high-energy molecular chemical fuels and advanced bipropellant rocket engine concepts, chemical propulsion systems are limited to about 480 seconds of specific impulse, a value much too low to successfully meet deep space propulsion requirements (Liou, 2008). Owing to relatively low power per unit mass of ejected matter ratios and inherently limited chemical reaction energetics, chemical propulsion systems appear inadequate as primary fuel sources for interstellar or extended solar system edge missions. Fission reactors have long been proposed to address power and propulsion requirements. Essentially all solid, liquid and gas fission reactors fundamentally operate by converting kinetic energy from fission reactions into heat through a working fluid. Nuclear fusion holds tremendous potential for future space exploration initiatives. Inertial confinement, magnetic confinement, gas dynamic and magnetized target fusion concepts have been proposed (Kirkpatrick, 2002). Specific impulses on the order of 103 seconds are theoretically possible. Unfortunately, nuclear fusion ignition, confinement of hot 3" @default.
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- W1552805224 date "2010-08-17" @default.
- W1552805224 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W1552805224 title "Advanced Magnetic-Nuclear Power Systems for Reliability Demanding Applications Including Deep Space Missions" @default.
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- W1552805224 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.83888" @default.
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