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- W1552928867 abstract "Social insects are simple organisms capable (separately) of very limited activities with a view to intelligent behaviour. Each of them performs a local task unaware both of the behaviour of the others and of the implementation of the global task. However in groups, they possess some degree of intelligence, that allows them to perform extremely complex tasks. These achievements of social insects are due to the phenomenon of stigmergy - a powerful way to coordinate activity over both time and space. The concept of stigmergy has been introduced by the French entomologist Pierre-Paul Grasse in the 1950s during his studies of nest-building behaviour of termites (Grasse, 1959). Stigmergy is derived from the roots stigma (goad) and ergon (work), thus giving the sense of incitement to by the products of work (Beckers et al., 1994). Termite nest construction practices are an example of stigmergy. When termites start to build a nest, they impregnate little mud balls with pheromone and place them on the base of a future construction. Termites initially put mud balls in random places. The probability of placing a mud ball in a given location increases with the presence of other mud balls, i.e. with the sensed concentration of pheromone (positive feedback). As construction proceeds, little columns are formed and the pheromone near the bottom evaporates (negative feedback). The pheromone drifting from tops of columns, located near each other, causes the upper parts of the columns to be built with a bias towards the neighboring columns and to join with them into arches (typical building forms). Corpse-gathering behaviour in ant colonies is another example of a functional and easy coordination through stigmergy. In this case the stigmergic communication is not realized through pheromones but through the corpses themselves. The insects put the corpses of dead nestmates together in a cemetery which is far from the nest. The ants pick ant corpses up, carry them about for a while, and drop them. It seems that ants prefer to pick up corpses from a place with small density of corpses and drop them to a place with higher density. In the beginning there exist a lot of single or small clusters of corpses, but as the time goes on the number of clusters decreases and their size grows up. At the end the process results in the formation of one (or two) large clusters. As it is evident from the two described examples, the ants do not control the overall performance, but rather the environment puppeteer, the structure that eventually emerges, guides the process." @default.
- W1552928867 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1552928867 date "2008-04-01" @default.
- W1552928867 modified "2023-10-01" @default.
- W1552928867 title "Emotional Intervention on Stigmergy Based Foraging Behaviour of Immune Network Driven Mobile Robots" @default.
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- W1552928867 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/5471" @default.
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