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• W1552985280 abstract "One of the most intriguing questions concerning vocal mobility is the morphological/functional paradigm regarding the organization of the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) in relation to the vocal fold. Functionally, the TA is responsible for selective adjustments in different parts of the vocal fold. Yet, such a functional pattern would be only possible if its fibers were situated throughout the entire length of the vocal fold. Thus, TA muscle fibers would need to have more than one orientation. This morphological pattern would resemble the histological organization of the tongue musculature. Thus, the first hypothesis of this thesis is that as the tongue presents numerous opportunities for movement due to its muscular organization, muscle organization as well as innervation in the TA could be similar to that of the tongue, which would thus provide numerous opportunities for vocal fold motion. Therefore, the aim of the first study of this thesis was to investigate in humans the similarities between the histological organization of the TA muscle fibers and the tongue muscle, as well as different histomorphometric parameters in their respective nerves, the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the hypoglossal nerve (XII); clinically relevant for a vocal fold reinnervation technique based on XII-RLN anastomosis. With the help of specific stereological techniques, we found the histological organization of the TA muscle to be similar to the histological organization of the tongue musculature in twelve cadavers. However, there are no similarities between the histomorphometric parameters quantified in the RLN and XII. Thus, in the first study of this thesis, it was concluded that the histological organization of the TA muscle fibers is similar to that of the tongue muscles in terms of orientation. Presumably, this morphological characteristic provides the vocal fold with a greater diversity/possibility of movement (selective adjustments in different parts). Based on the diversity of vocal patterns of a newborn, the second hypothesis of this thesis is that during the fetal period all the structures associated with the vocal folds (false vocal fold, ventricle of the larynx epithelium, mucous glands, blood vessels and vocal ligament) are already fully established and, as in adults, the TA muscle fibers are not situated in parallel and laterally throughout the length of the vocal fold. Hence, using the same stereological protocols, we also show that in a human fetus aged 25 weeks, besides the structures already associated with vocal fold being fully established, the TA fetal muscle fibers, as in adults, have different orientations: transverse, undefined and longitudinal, throughout the length of the vocal fold. Additionally, the role of clinical/physiological aspects in relation to differences in the tonal qualities of men and women voices and their specificities remains to be clarified. Although some authors have reported the existence of sexual dimorphism in the neural structures involved in vocal control at the level of the central nervous system, in the current literature there is no study that shows the presence or absence of sexual dimorphism at the level of the peripheral nervous system, especially the RLN and the TA muscle. Likewise, while there are numerous animal studies describing sexual dimorphism in the nervous system of regions involved with vocalization control, little is known about this aspect in humans. Thus, the third hypothesis of this thesis is that the tissues (RLN and TA) that control the vocal folds could also present sexual dimorphism. Therefore, the aim of the third study was to use morphometric analysis to investigate the presence of sexual dimorphism in the NLR and TA muscle in humans. Analyses of fourteen cadavers show that there is sexual dimorphism in relation to histomorphometric aspects of the RLN, although no such sexual dimorphism was observed in relation to the histological organization of the TA muscle fibers. Given these results, we conclude that humans, like other species, also exhibit sexual dimorphism in the neural structures involved in vocal control, both at the central level, as reported by other authors, and at the peripheral level (RLN), as shown in our study. Finally, we can assume that the differences between tonal qualities men and women voices and their specificities, may be not only explained by differences in the vocal fold mass or vocal tract size, but also by differences that include the organization of full the nervous system." @default.
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• W1552985280 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W1552985280 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W1552985280 title "Análise morfológica qualitativa e quantitativa do nervo laríngeo recorrente e do músculo tireoaritenóideo humano" @default.
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