FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W155308911> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W155308911 startingPage "221" @default.
• W155308911 abstract "Comparison of the French and American presidencies has been made more difficult than it needs to be by confusion over the essential differences between and government. Classic textbook definitions, such as the aphorism that in the executive must be supported by a majority while presidents are chosen through national election, confuse rather than clarify Franco-American comparisons. Even worse are definitions based on the language of constitutional provisions; any workable distinction must be based on actual behavior rather than legal prescriptions. However misused, the terms parliamentary government and presidential government are unavoidable. What is the truly fundamental difference between them? Parliamentary is a democratic regime in which the executive and the legislature ultimately must agree on policy. The two branches are synchronized, so to speak, like two gears that mesh. If the two branches are out of synch, something will be done to compel policy agreement between them. How this harmonization is brought about, which branch tends to dominate the other, and the composition and designation of the executive branch will vary from country to country. Temporary failure to agree leads to a short-term crisis; prolonged and continuous failure to agree indicates that the system no longer works properly and is due for reform or replacement. This is a behavioral, not a constitutional or structural definition. It is how the political actors behave, rather than their constitutional, partisan, or environment that sets the definition of government. Those environmental elements are, of course, crucial in producing and determining whether and how it works, but no particular aspect, such as the written constitution, procedure, or party organization in itself defines or identifies government.(1) Behavior of political actors in is very different. The executive and legislative branches are free to disagree with each other; any prolonged domination of one branch by the other, normal in regimes, is exceptional and abnormal. Prolonged preponderance of one branch by another signifies evolution toward democratic government, or more ominously, authoritarianism. Not only do many important policies require agreement between the branches, but that agreement results from voluntary cooperation rather than forced synchronization. While failure to reach agreement could mean failure to accomplish policy goals, failure does not produce a governmental crisis. Indeed, both sides may find it politically expedient to agree to disagree. It is true that some measures, budgets for example, must be enacted to keep the system going. But even then the chief executive is hardly likely to micromanage budget items as executives are able to do in many regimes. The tenure of the executive does not depend on support from the legislature; by the same token, the legislature is not required to conform to executive directives in order to keep the system in operation. For to operate, three institutional patterns are indispensable. The first is that the chief executive be designated through an effectively democratic national election (not necessarily a direct popular election). Neither a hereditary monarch nor a president selected without participation of the people would possess the necessary legitimacy for authentic government.(2) Except for impeachment under extraordinary circumstances or removal for disability, the chief executive can remain in office for a fixed term unless removed earlier by a national electoral process such as recall by popular vote. Electing the chief executive is a necessary, but not sufficient, requirement for government. A second indispensable pattern for is that the chief executive work with shifting majorities in the bodies. …" @default.
• W155308911 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W155308911 creator A5022029220 @default.
• W155308911 date "1997-03-22" @default.
• W155308911 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W155308911 title "On the Comparison of Presidential and Parliamentary Governments" @default.
• W155308911 hasPublicationYear "1997" @default.
• W155308911 type Work @default.
• W155308911 sameAs 155308911 @default.
• W155308911 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W155308911 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W155308911 hasAuthorship W155308911A5022029220 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C11171543 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C121332964 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C126053111 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C138885662 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C15744967 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C17744445 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C190253527 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C197487636 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C199539241 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C24890656 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C2778137410 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C2778160770 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C2779962950 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C2781140086 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C3116431 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C41895202 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C555826173 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C83009810 @default.
• W155308911 hasConcept C94625758 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C11171543 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C121332964 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C126053111 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C138885662 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C144024400 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C15744967 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C17744445 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C190253527 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C197487636 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C199539241 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C24890656 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C2778137410 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C2778160770 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C2779962950 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C2781140086 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C3116431 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C41895202 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C555826173 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C83009810 @default.
• W155308911 hasConceptScore W155308911C94625758 @default.
• W155308911 hasIssue "2" @default.
• W155308911 hasLocation W1553089111 @default.
• W155308911 hasOpenAccess W155308911 @default.
• W155308911 hasPrimaryLocation W1553089111 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W1199044 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W1531743567 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W1564716354 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W2321469702 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W244943718 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W245704543 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W2467276443 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W2475207262 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W276026670 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W2800564607 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W3003371341 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W3081521006 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W3094555649 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W3122572348 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W3122990789 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W3124465269 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W337349587 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W421322433 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W807434716 @default.
• W155308911 hasRelatedWork W2189282589 @default.
• W155308911 hasVolume "27" @default.
• W155308911 isParatext "false" @default.
• W155308911 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W155308911 magId "155308911" @default.
• W155308911 workType "article" @default.