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• W1553338081 abstract "Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, are the most common causes of fungal infection in the central nervous system of humans and other mammals. C. neoformans causes disease most frequently in immunocompromised hosts whilst C. gattii is a primary pathogen infecting mainly immunocompetent hosts. C. gattii has gained particular importance since it was identified as the cause of an outbreak on Vancouver Island, BC, Canada in 1999. M13 PCR fingerprinting, URA5-RFLP and AFLP analysis identified the outbreak isolates as molecular type VGII/AFLP6 and recognizing two subtypes, VGIIa and VGIIb; with the former being more virulent in a mice virulence model. However, the correlation of the molecular subtype with virulence has not yet been defined. From the three major cryptococcal virulence factors, polysaccharide capsule, growth at 37°C and melanin production, the melanin production of 23 VGIIa and 17 VGIIb globally selected strains was quantified using dopamine or epinephrine as a substrate in a colorimetric assay. A mixed VGIIa/VGIIb population has until now only been found on Vancouver Island, supporting the theory, that the two outbreak genotypes were independently introduced to Vancouver Island. At 37°C, VGIIa strains produced more melanin (OD VGIIa/VGIIb = 0.25 ± 0.18/0.14 ± 0.2, p < 0.001) than VGIIb strains, which is the opposite to the results obtained when tested at 30°C (OD VGIIa/VGIIb = 0.62 ± 0.42/0.80 ± 0.46, p < 0.014) using dopamine as a substrate. The results indicate that VGIIa strains have a greater ability to produce melanin at 37°C, offering more protection, making those strains potentially more virulent when infecting mammalian hosts. Further studies of the correlation between melanin production, molecular subtype of C. gattii and in vivo virulence in animal models are warranted." @default.
• W1553338081 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1553338081 date "2009-01-01" @default.
• W1553338081 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W1553338081 title "Melanin production at 37°C is linked to the high virulent Cryptococcus gattii Vancouver Island outbreak genotype VGIIa." @default.
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