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- W1553719116 abstract "Modern industrial facilities operate complex and inter-related power systems. They frequently combine internal utilities production with external suppliers, including direct fired boilers, electric power generation with turbo alternators or gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, have different drivers (i.e., turbines or motors) for pumps or compressors and several types of fuels available to be used. Tighter and increasingly restrictive regulations related to emissions are also imposing constraints and adding complexity to their management. Deregulated electric and fuels markets with varying prices (seasonally or daily), contracted and emissions quotas add even more complexity. Production Department usually has the responsibility for the operation of the facility power system but, although Operators are instructed to minimize energy usage and usually tend to do it, a conflict often is faced as the main goal of Production is to maintain the factory output at the scheduled target. The power and utilities system is seen as a subsidiary provider of the utilities needed to accomplish with the production target, whichever it takes to generate it. Big and complex industrial facilities like Refineries and Petrochemicals are becoming increasingly aware that power systems need to be optimally managed because any energy reduction that Operations accomplish in the producing Units could eventually be wasted if the overall power system cost is not properly managed. However, process engineers always attempted to develop some kind of tools, many times spreadsheet based, to improve the way utilities systems were operated. The main drawback of the earlier attempts was the lack of data: engineers spent the whole day at phone or visiting the control rooms to gather information from the Distributed Control System (DCS) data historian, process it at the spreadsheet and produce recommendations that, when ready to be applied, were outdated and not any more applicable. The evolution from plant information scattered through many islands of automation to unified and centralized Plant Information Systems was a clear breakthrough for the process engineering work. The long term, facility wide Plant Information System based historians constitute what is known as an enabling technology, because they became the cornerstone from where to build many other applications. Besides others, advanced process control, optimal production programming, scheduling and real time optimization technologies were built over them and flourished after data was stored for long terms and became easily retrievable." @default.
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- W1553719116 date "2011-08-01" @default.
- W1553719116 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W1553719116 title "Use of Online Energy System Optimization Models" @default.
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- W1553719116 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/18931" @default.
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