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- W1554077897 abstract "Mises en place progressivement au cours du XXeme siecle en Europe et aux Etats-Unis. Elles ont suivi les avancees scientifiques realisees a partir des premieres recherches en genetique et ont pris leur essor apres le developpement des outils biologiques et techniques moleculaires apparus a la fin des annees 1960. Nous distinguons trois periodes dans la creation de materiel vegetal qui ont mobilise des acteurs specifiques et auxquelles correspondent des systemes de protection distincts : les paysans procedaient a une selection empirique des vegetaux pendant la periode traditionnelle et n’obtenaient pas de monopoles sur le resultat de leur activite ; les avancees scientifiques et techniques (lois de l’heredite, biotechnologies, etc.) caracterisent la periode conventionnelle, au cours de laquelle les institutions publiques et les organismes agricoles deviennent des acteurs essentiels et ou se construit le systeme de protection par certificat d’obtention vegetale. Enfin, la periode moderne est marquee par l’emergence des technosciences, impulsees par les firmes biotechnologiques qui agissent pour renforcer les droits privatifs (brevets sur des organismes vivants) afin de rentabiliser leurs investissements. In this document, we study the forms of protection of biological innovations developed during the 20th century in Europe and in the United States. They have followed the results of the scientific progress based on the first research in genetics and have gained ground with the creation of biologic tools and molecular techniques at the end of the 1960s. We present three periods in the creation of vegetal material, which have involved specific actors and to which correspond distinct systems of protection: during the traditional period, farmers empirically selected plants and did not obtain monopolies on their achievements. The conventional period is characterized by scientific and technical progress (heredity laws, biotechnology, etc.), the emergence of public institutions and agriculture organisms as main actors, and the development of a system of protection based on plant variety protection certificates. Finally, during the modern period, technosciences are developed with the support of biotechnological firms, that act to reinforce privative rights (patents on living parts) in order to recoup their investments." @default.
- W1554077897 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1554077897 date "2007-04-01" @default.
- W1554077897 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W1554077897 title "Propriété industrielle et biotechnologies:Application au règne végétal (Industrial property and biotechnology: an application to the plant kingdom)" @default.
- W1554077897 hasPublicationYear "2007" @default.
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