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- W155416091 abstract "For many years there has been a debate between proponents ofcompeting learning theories over the role of expectancy in conditioningand extinction. Although this debate has been the subjectof an intensive experimental literature, it has not been satisfactorilyresolved. Many research designs are intrinsically incapableof dissociating the influence of expectancy from other factors heldto be important by competing theories. However, the informedunpairing design (Brewer, 1974), in which subjects are informed ofchanged contingencies at the onset of extinction, is argued toprovide a powerful test of expectancy, two factor, and conditioningtheories. It is also argued that the bidirectional vasomotorresponse provides a solution to the related problems of expectancymanipulation and artifact control that confound previous researchusing this design .A programme of research based on the informed unpairing design,and using the vasomotor response, was undertaken. Responding inextinction following several expectancy manipulation procedures wascompared in subjects given 25 continuously reinforced acquisitiontrials (CRF25); 100 continuously reinforced trials (CRF100); and100 partially reinforced trials (PRF). It was found that respondingin CRF25 and PRF groups in extinction was abolished by unpairinginstructions coupled with removal of the thermal stimulator usedfor UCS presentation. A significant reduction in responding inCRF25 and PRF groups was also obtained following unpairinginstruction alone as compared with groups given no instruction. TheCRF25 group instructed at the onset of extinction that they would be reinforced on a PRF schedule showed a non significant trend forgreater resistance to extinction than those given no instruction.These results provide strong support for an expectancy based, ratherthan two factor or conditioning based, explanation of respondingin these groups.However, no effects of expectancy manipulation on responding inextinction were obtained in CRF100 groups, and attempts to generateresponding in two groups by instruction alone proved unsuccessful.These results are consistent with the hypothesis that there may betwo conditioning processes; one expectancy dependent and the otherexpectancy independent. Existing learning theories based on twoconditioning processes are unable to account for all of the resultsof the present research. However, it is argued that the results ofthe present study are consistent with a number of studies in theskill learning literature. Models proposed to account for skilllearning which distinguish between processes involved in acquisitionand early performance, and those involved in much practised responding,provide a possible explanation for the obtained results.Consequences of the research for the behaviour therapies arediscussed." @default.
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- W155416091 date "1981-01-01" @default.
- W155416091 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W155416091 title "Instructional control of vasomotor responding : a test of conditioning, two process, and expectancy theories" @default.
- W155416091 hasPublicationYear "1981" @default.
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