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- W1554318771 abstract "Failure of the functional pancreatic β-cell mass to expand in response to increased metabolic demand is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Lineage tracing studies indicate that replication of existing β-cells is important for β-cell proliferation in adult animals. In rat pancreatic β-cell lines (RIN5F), treatment with 100 nm thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) enhances cell proliferation. This result suggests that T3 is required for β-cell proliferation or replication. To identify the role of thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) in the processes of β-cell growth and cell cycle regulation, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus vector, AdTRα. Infection with AdTRα to RIN5F cells increased the expression of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein. Overexpression of the cyclin D1 protein in AdTRα-infected cells led to activation of the cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase/retinoblastoma protein/E2F pathway, along with cell cycle progression and cell proliferation following treatment with 100 nm T3. Conversely, lowering cellular cyclin D1 by small interfering RNA knockdown in AdTRα-infected cells led to down-regulation of the cyclin D1/CDK/Rb/E2F pathway and inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, in immunodeficient mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, intrapancreatic injection of AdTRα led to the restoration of islet function and to an increase in the β-cell mass. These results support the hypothesis that liganded TRα plays a critical role in β-cell replication and in expansion of the β-cell mass during postnatal development. Thus, liganded TRα may be a target for therapeutic strategies that can induce the expansion and regeneration of β-cells. Failure of the functional pancreatic β-cell mass to expand in response to increased metabolic demand is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Lineage tracing studies indicate that replication of existing β-cells is important for β-cell proliferation in adult animals. In rat pancreatic β-cell lines (RIN5F), treatment with 100 nm thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) enhances cell proliferation. This result suggests that T3 is required for β-cell proliferation or replication. To identify the role of thyroid hormone receptor α (TRα) in the processes of β-cell growth and cell cycle regulation, we constructed a recombinant adenovirus vector, AdTRα. Infection with AdTRα to RIN5F cells increased the expression of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein. Overexpression of the cyclin D1 protein in AdTRα-infected cells led to activation of the cyclin D1/cyclin-dependent kinase/retinoblastoma protein/E2F pathway, along with cell cycle progression and cell proliferation following treatment with 100 nm T3. Conversely, lowering cellular cyclin D1 by small interfering RNA knockdown in AdTRα-infected cells led to down-regulation of the cyclin D1/CDK/Rb/E2F pathway and inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, in immunodeficient mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, intrapancreatic injection of AdTRα led to the restoration of islet function and to an increase in the β-cell mass. These results support the hypothesis that liganded TRα plays a critical role in β-cell replication and in expansion of the β-cell mass during postnatal development. Thus, liganded TRα may be a target for therapeutic strategies that can induce the expansion and regeneration of β-cells." @default.
- W1554318771 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1554318771 date "2010-08-01" @default.
- W1554318771 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W1554318771 title "Liganded Thyroid Hormone Receptor-α Enhances Proliferation of Pancreatic β-Cells" @default.
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- W1554318771 doi "https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m109.100222" @default.
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