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• W1554365219 endingPage "218" @default.
• W1554365219 startingPage "201" @default.
• W1554365219 abstract "Highly siderophile elements (HSE: Re, Au, and the PGEs) prefer FeNi metal and sulfide phases over silicate melts and minerals (olivine, pyroxene, feldspar, etc.). In addition, three HSE-Re, Pt, and Os-are involved in radioactive decay schemes: 187 Re → 187 Os (beta decay) and 192 Pt → 188 Os (alpha decay). As a result, they have provided constraints on the conditions during establishment of the primitive upper mantle, and the conditions and timing of later mantle differentiation and evolution. Hypotheses proposed to explain HSE elemental and isotopic compositions in the primitive upper mantle include mantle-core equilibrium, outer core metal addition, inefficient core formation, and late accretion (the late veneer). All of these scenarios have problems or unresolved issues. Here a hybrid model is proposed to explain the HSE concentrations in the primitive mantle, whereby Au, Pd, and Pt concentrations are set by high-pressure and temperature metal-silicate equilibrium, and Re, Ru, Rh, lr, and Os concentrations are set by late accretion of chondritic material that is added via oxidized vapor following a giant impact (post-core formation). Processes affecting the later HSE evolution of the mantle include (1) layering caused by fractionation and/or flotation of mantle phases such as olivine, chromite, and garnet, (2) addition of metal from the outer core, and (3) recycling of oceanic crust. Uncertainties about differences in composition between the upper and lower mantle make evaluation of processes in the first category uncertain, but both the second and third processes can explain some aspects of mantle Os isotope geochemistry. This is a review of the field over the past decade and reports not only progress in the field but also highlights areas where much work remains." @default.
• W1554365219 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1554365219 creator A5074746695 @default.
• W1554365219 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W1554365219 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W1554365219 title "Highly siderophile elements: Constraints on Earth accretion and early differentiation" @default.
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