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• W1554861079 abstract "Ronald Creagh, Utopies Americaines: Experiences libertaires du XIXe siecle a nos jours Marseille: Agone, 2009, 397pp Almost three decades ago Ronald Creagh published a groundbreaking work, Laboratoires de l'Utopie (Laboratories of Utopia), which was the first extensive study of American libertarian intentional communities. He has now expanded it into a more comprehensive work almost twice the size of the original. It extends his theoretical reflection on the communal experience and updates the historical discussion to include communities established since the 1960s. It also includes a very helpful glossary, with biographies of seventy-five figures important to libertarian communalist theory and practice, and a very useful, highly detailed, twenty-six page bibliography. All of this makes Utopies Americaines essential reading for anyone seriously interested in either the American communal experience or the history of American anarchism. Creagh describes a wide spectrum of nineteenth and early twentieth-century communities founded on values such as rationality, equality, communal property and social progress. He recounts often valiant efforts to establish these communities in the face of problems such as persecution by neighbours, lack of basic resources, crop failures, epidemics and other health problems. He shows that the projects were also beset by internal structural problems such as an absence of consensus over goals and values, inadequate foresight and planning, and conflicts between contending factions. Nevertheless, the focus of the story is on the noteworthy successes achieved by these early experiments and the significant role they played in American social and political history. They showed how alternative economic systems could operate, how groups could live together in conditions of vastly greater equality, how non-authoritarian social mores could be put into practice, and how libertarian pedagogy could be applied, to mention just a few of their important achievements. Creagh justly devotes extensive attention to the work of the great individualist anarchist Josiah Warren. Warren inherited from his teacher Robert Owen a concern with issues such as fair exchange, voluntary cooperation, and the powerful influence of the social environment. In pursuit of his ideals he founded several communities, in addition to establishing his famous Time Store, in which items were sold at cost plus a fair price for the labour of the retailer. Creagh notes that the individualist anarchist communities were noteworthy not only for their economic innovations, but also for their absence of dogmatism and their dedication to personal self-realization. Another topic that Creagh investigates in considerable detail is the long and inspiring history (1914-1951) of the Modern School Community in Stelton, New Jersey. He describes the flowering of the Modern School Movement inspired by anarchist educational theorist Francisco Ferrer. The School's libertarian 'anti-pedagogy' was a radical experimentalism based on concern for the child's self-realization and treatment of the child as a responsible person. Creagh shows the Stelton community to be an example of a highly successful egalitarian social organization that integrated families and students coming from diverse classes and ethnicities. Through this case study, he shows how a distinctive sense of purpose and dedication to a practical project can be a powerful basis for a viable and enduring community. …" @default.
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• W1554861079 date "2011-07-01" @default.
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• W1554861079 title "Utopies Américaines: Expériences Libertaires Du XIXe Siècle À Nos Jours" @default.
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