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• W1554961099 abstract "Indigenous people’s perspectives present strong challenges to records keepers in many parts of the world. In New Zealand, as in Canada, indigenous people have used the information held in archives to reassert their rights and reclaim the past. This article provides a case study of the rights and interests of New Zealand’s indigenous people, the Maori, in archives. Maori perspectives on archives are explored through firsthand accounts and analysis of developments in New Zealand archives, museum, and library environments towards the implementation of “biculturalism.” It is argued that the Maori impact on record-keeping falls along a spectrum from reconnecting Maori with * This is an expanded and updated version of a paper originally presented to Beyond the Screen: Capturing Corporate and Social Memory, Australian Society of Archivists Conference, Melbourne, August 2000. My deep thanks to: Rachel Lilburn, Victoria University, and Sandra Falconer, Archives New Zealand, for assisting me in locating resources; to Archives New Zealand’s Sub Committee for Responsiveness to Maori and Te Ropu Maori for our discussions, and to many colleagues and friends at Archives New Zealand for their editing skills and comments. The views in this paper are my own, and do not necessarily accord with the views of the Archives New Zealand / Te Whare Tohu Tuhituhinga o Aotearoa. Until 1 October 2000, Archives New Zealand was called National Archives. The change in name coincided with the establishment of Archives New Zealand as a Department of State. For consistency, Archives New Zealand has been used as the organization’s title throughout this paper. Indigenous Voices in New Zealand Record-Keeping 27 cultural information held in written records, to reclaiming control over management of these resources, to calling for records’ repatriation to their cultural owners. Information is most powerful, that’s what colonization did. It separated us from our heritage of information, not just our land and our language, but everything that flowed from that. Like the glass cases of museums, the archives of colonial regimes and their independent successor states have often been described as prisons for the identities of the oppressed. Indigenous advocates in the United States and Australia have proclaimed that their people are “captives” of archives; their pasts are caught in records created by others, to which archivists hold the keys. Pacific historian David Hanlon argues that archives, museums, and libraries, and the records, artefacts, and books they guard, cannot be disentangled from the imperial and colonial pasts that created them in the Pacific region. He writes that they brought the chill of a foreign cultural tradition with them to the Pacific, and they are still characterized by a Western frigidity. The cultural dimension of colonization is reflected in the alienation of knowledge and culture, along with land, forests, fisheries, and other physical property. The call from indigenous people to “decolonize” archival institutions, in order to reconnect indigenous peoples with their documentary heritage, is a response to this legacy. Evolving New Zealand organizational practice is a response to this call. In New Zealand, indigenous use of archives as sources of evidence has risen dramatically over the past fifteen years. With this rise in access has come a reaffirmation and realization that vital fragments of indigenous identity, of the Maori self, are housed in written records. The impact of Maori engagement with archives, which record the knowledge of their forebears and key events in tribal history, can be traced through a series of stages, from research and “reconnection” with the information, to the integration of Maori culture into institutional practices, to calls for Maori control and ownership rights. Repatriation of key archives to Maori owners may be one ultimate result of this 1 Maori interviewee quoted in Grant Pittams, Te Arotake i te Kaupapa Tiaki i te Mauri o te Matauranga – Wairarapa, An Evaluation of the Cultural Property Pilot Project – Wairarapa (Wellington, 1999), p. 26. 2 W.T. Hagen, “Archival Captive – the American Indian,” The American Archivist 41 (1978), pp. 135–142; Henrietta Fourmile, “Aborigines as Captives of the Archives: A Prison Revisited,” Archives in the Tropics: Proceedings of the Australian Society of Archivists Conference (Townsville, 1994), pp. 117–121; Confidential evidence 436, New South Wales, “John,” Bringing them Home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families (Sydney, 1997), p. 167. 3 David Hanlon, “The Chill of History: The Experience, Emotion and Changing Politics of Archival Research in the Pacific,” Archives and Manuscripts 27, no. 1 (1999), pp. 8–21." @default.
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• W1554961099 title "Our Own Identity, Our Own Taonga, Our Own Self Coming Back: Indigenous Voices in New Zealand Record-Keeping" @default.
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