FRINK Linked Data Fragments server

Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W1556836825> ?p ?o ?g. }

• W1556836825 endingPage "1407" @default.
• W1556836825 startingPage "1406" @default.
• W1556836825 abstract "Detection of blood cell–reactive antibodies is an important adjunct in the diagnosis of various immune hematologic disorders especially those affecting red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets (PLTs). RBC serology has the advantage of simplicity and speed since the patient's serum and panel cells can be mixed, incubated, and washed, and antibody reactivity can be quickly determined by visual examination for RBC agglutination. PLT serology is more complex since PLT agglutination cannot be used as an assay endpoint. PLT serology requires the use of specialized instruments to measure reactivity of antiglobulin reagents (anti-IgG, -IgM) labeled with radioactive isotopes, enzymes, or fluorochromes used for PLT antibody detection. In addition, unlike RBCs, PLTs express significant levels of Class I HLA antigens making it difficult to distinguish HLA antibodies that are often present in patient sera from antibodies specific for human PLT antigens (HPAs). This problem was solved with development of Phase 3 assays like the antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; ACE),1 modified ACE,2, 3 and monoclonal antibody (MoAb) immobilization of PLT antigens (MAIPA).4 In these assays, the patient's serum is incubated with PLTs and the PLTs are washed to remove unbound immunoglobulins. The sensitized PLTs are lysed in detergent, and the released PLT membrane glycoproteins (GPs) with HPA-specific antibodies are captured with either GP-specific MoAbs or anti-mouse IgG bound to the well of a plastic microtiter plate. Since only specific PLT GPs are captured, Class I HLA antibodies that may be present are washed away, eliminating their potential interference with detection of HPA-specific antibodies.3 Phase 3 assays have become the “gold standard” for determination of PLT antibody HPA specificities. However, these assays are time consuming, limited by the availability of certain GP-specific MoAbs, and lack sensitivity for specific HPA that are difficult to detect when the epitopes are disrupted by detergent solubilization and/or MoAb capture.5 Routine use of these assays is difficult, even for experienced reference laboratories, since multiple ELISA plates must be manipulated when testing panels of phenotyped cells with several GP targets. In this issue of TRANSFUSION, Nguyen and coworkers6 report a bead-based version of the MAIPA they term “simultaneous analysis of specific platelet antibodies (SASPA),” which appears to resolve some of the labor issues involved with the MAIPA. In the SASPA, rat anti-mouse IgG antibodies coupled to polystyrene beads capture GP-specific mouse monoclonals bound to the PLT GP/PLT antibody complex. Secondary anti-human IgG or IgM reagents with different fluorochrome labels are used to detect bound PLT antibodies by flow cytometry. Individual beads are differentiated by their distinct fluorescence intensities in the FL4 channel of the flow cytometer. This system allows for identification of the GP(s) that are targeted by the patient's PLT antibody(s). The authors used rat anti-mouse antibodies that bind different IgG subtypes, for example, IgG1, IgG2b, and so forth. Rat antibodies coupled to different beads bind only the GP-specific MoAb with the recognized IgG subtype, which prevents the possibility of cross-capture of monoclonals to different beads that could cause false-positive results. However, this approach limits the numbers and combinations of MoAbs that can be used in the SASPA and therefore the numbers and combinations of GP targets that can be detected. Direct coupling of PLT GPs or GP-specific MoAbs to the beads are alternatives that do not have this limitation. Bead assays for immunofluorescence detection of Class I and II HLA antibodies have been in use for more than 10 years and are the gold standard method for HLA antibody detection and identification in transplantation, primarily because of their high sensitivity.7, 8 Bead-based immunofluorescence detection of PLT antibodies is not entirely new either. Several bead-based assays have been reported previously for detection of PLT-specific antibodies by flow cytometry.9-11 PLT antibody bead assays, like HLA antibody bead assays, also show higher sensitivity in comparative studies to the MAIPA.10, 11 Nguyen and coworkers found higher sensitivity with the SASPA in their current report compared to MAIPA for diluted antibodies and antibodies specific for HPA-5a, but some of these variable results can be explained by differences in MoAb clones and target PLTs used. Although the SASPA showed good sensitivity, specificity was low for detection of PLT autoantibodies. This limitation is unfortunate since low assay specificity is one of the main disadvantages of all assays that have been developed for PLT autoantibody detection. Interestingly, despite the high sensitivity of bead assays for HLA antibody detection in transplantation, lower assay specificity is also a deficiency of these assays, especially when applied to testing outside transplantation patients.12, 13 This diminished specificity is most likely caused by nonspecific reactivity in patient sera against neoepitopes that form when proteins are covalently bound to the beads. Bead assays or “bead arrays” are advantageous for high-throughput testing. Multiple beads with distinct “fluorescence addresses” are each coupled to a different PLT GP and pooled into a single tube to test a patient's serum for antibodies. This design eliminates the need to use several microtiter plates, one for each GP target, as is required for the ACE or MAIPA. It is an advantage that not only saves time, but also reduces the volume of patient sample and reagents required. With the significant advantages afforded PLT immunology laboratories by bead assays, and the widespread use of similar assays for several years now by their HLA counterparts, why are these assays not more widely used by PLT serology laboratories? The answer involves financial limitations imposed by licensing the technology and reagent and instrument availability and cost. As commercial PLT bead assays become available they will be more widely adopted for routine use. In fact, commercial assays are currently in development and should be available in the near future (author's personal observations). Although PLT antibody bead arrays represent another level of improvement, they probably will not replace the requirement to use several assay methods to ensure a thorough evaluation of a sample for PLT antibodies. There is still no substitute for use of the intact human PLT to detect antibodies against new PLT alloantigens or antibodies targeting “labile” HPA epitopes.14 However, PLT antibody testing has come a long way from its humble beginnings when PLT function assays were initially used. Advances like the bead assay reported by Nguyen and colleagues, together with sophisticated molecular HPA genotyping methods, provide laboratories with a powerful toolbox for the clinical laboratory diagnosis of immune PLT disorders. None." @default.
• W1556836825 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W1556836825 creator A5004595775 @default.
• W1556836825 date "2010-06-07" @default.
• W1556836825 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
• W1556836825 title "The evolving use of bead arrays for platelet antibody detection" @default.
• W1556836825 cites W1491050497 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W1987793565 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W1990294597 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2012031362 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2013699857 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2018025460 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2071507710 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2086087905 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2101502513 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2120200067 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2138302552 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2148460620 @default.
• W1556836825 cites W2288675092 @default.
• W1556836825 doi "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02717.x" @default.
• W1556836825 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20546201" @default.
• W1556836825 hasPublicationYear "2010" @default.
• W1556836825 type Work @default.
• W1556836825 sameAs 1556836825 @default.
• W1556836825 citedByCount "0" @default.
• W1556836825 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
• W1556836825 hasAuthorship W1556836825A5004595775 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConcept C109386097 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConcept C159654299 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConcept C159985019 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConcept C192562407 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConcept C203014093 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConcept C89560881 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConceptScore W1556836825C109386097 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConceptScore W1556836825C159654299 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConceptScore W1556836825C159985019 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConceptScore W1556836825C192562407 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConceptScore W1556836825C203014093 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConceptScore W1556836825C71924100 @default.
• W1556836825 hasConceptScore W1556836825C89560881 @default.
• W1556836825 hasIssue "7" @default.
• W1556836825 hasLocation W15568368251 @default.
• W1556836825 hasLocation W15568368252 @default.
• W1556836825 hasOpenAccess W1556836825 @default.
• W1556836825 hasPrimaryLocation W15568368251 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W1977422126 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W2003870817 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W2005154809 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W2010949326 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W2013166001 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W2067331360 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W2158253373 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W2379042160 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W2398376574 @default.
• W1556836825 hasRelatedWork W2418470149 @default.
• W1556836825 hasVolume "50" @default.
• W1556836825 isParatext "false" @default.
• W1556836825 isRetracted "false" @default.
• W1556836825 magId "1556836825" @default.
• W1556836825 workType "article" @default.