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- W1557505909 abstract "Should consumers have the right to consume food free of pesticides and genetic engineering (GE, also called “product of modern biotechnology”)? Should farmers have the right to produce them? Do current standards provide adequate choice to producers and consumers as to what kinds of foods they prefer? This paper will explore the issue of competing rights between conventional versus organic or GEfree producers and consumers within a property rights framework and argue for greater regulatory emphasis on the outcome (product standard) rather than how it was produced (process standard). Pesticides and GE are topics of much interest in today’s food and agriculture system. Segments of consumers have expressed willingness to pay to avoid them (Bagnara, 1996; Lusk, Daniel, Mark and Lusk, 2001). The use of both is prohibited in organic production methods by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Organic Program (NOP); aversion to these inputs is a key consumer motivation for buying organic food (Conner, 2002), one of the fastest-growing segments of agriculture. This issue is currently governed by process rather than product standards. Regulations for organic certification state that these substances cannot be used in production, processing, or handling. The NOP rule does not preclude the presence of these substances. In fact, it may be difficult or impossible to find any foods that are completely free of one or the other. The NOP requires organic producers to maintain buffer zones of sufficient size or other features (e.g., windbreak or diversion ditch) to prevent contamination of their fields. Recommended buffer zones (for GE producers) have also been established for a number of GE crops. For example, a distance of 50 meters is required for rapeseed and maize unless the adjacent field is organic (200 m). However, these buffers do not completely prevent drift and contamination. Events such as the recent contamination of maize seed stock at the Mesoamerican Center of Genetic Diversity in Mexico indicate that these process standards are either ineffective or inadequately enforced. The current policy environment suggests an implicit property rights assignment: (conventional) producers can use these inputs within a set of rules on proper use and handling; in contrast, consumers Pesticides and Genetic Drift: Alternative Property Rights Scenarios" @default.
- W1557505909 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1557505909 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W1557505909 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W1557505909 title "Pesticides and Genetic Drift: Alternative Property Rights Scenarios" @default.
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