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- W1557798994 abstract "The chapter highlights important practical aspects of studying cis-regulatory gene elements and describes four reporter gene systems: (1) chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), (2) green fluorescent protein (GFP), (3) luciferase (luc), and (4) β-galactosidase (lacZ). Reporter genes are largely used in cell culture and embryos to study regulatory elements that are important for gene expression during development. Because of many experimental advantages, the sea urchin embryo is one of the most suitable models for the functional analysis of cis-regulatory elements. This chapter discusses the methods for spatial localization and temporal and quantitative measurements of expression of reporter genes in the sea urchin embryo. The enzymatic assays (CAT, luciferase, lacZ) are currently limited by their application to embryo homogenates or fixed samples; however, they offer more robust analysis of gene activity than GFP. These assays are currently of widespread use in studies of gene regulation in invertebrate deuterostome embryogenesis. This chapter provides protocols and analysis of each method to help in choosing an assay with appropriate spatial and temporal resolution and quantitation." @default.
- W1557798994 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1557798994 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W1557798994 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1557798994 title "Using Reporter Genes to Study cis-Regulatory Elements" @default.
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- W1557798994 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/s0091-679x(04)74025-x" @default.
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