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• W155920722 abstract "Scientific theories of the mind used to illuminate works of literature almost always assume a superiority in the relationship; science is seen as providing finely cut keys to unlock art's mysteriously inscribed and resistant doors. Seldom are the roles reversed. Literary works, even when brilliantly employed in such Freudian revisionist studies as Norman O. Brown's Life Against Death and Herbert Marcuse's Eros and Civilization, appear as little more than minor aids in the investigation and confirmation of scientific theories. Yet Freud himself, in his generous acknowledgment that the poets long before him had intuited the unconscious, gives authority to the proposition that literary works could play a larger role than has been the case in examining and even expanding modern theories of the mind. Because Wordsworth's poetry treats so extensively and so well the development of his mind, he provides one of the best sources for considering the conjunction between recent scientific inquiry and poetic expression of the mind's functioning. His works have, of course, been profitably examined using psychological insights, primarily Freudian, as in studies of The Prelude by David Ellis and by James Heffernan. Recently, however, scholars like John Turner and Barbara Schapiro have considered the similarities between Wordsworth's thought and modern psychoanalytical object-relations theory with a view to showing how each can shed light on the other. It is this quality of reciprocity that I wish to emulate in the following essay. Specifically, I wish to compare Wordsworth's poetic insights into the growth of his mind with the recent scientific theories about brain function advanced by Gerald M. Edelman under the general category of neural Darwinism. In their distinct modes - and I focus almost exclusively on Wordsworth's poetic speculations to accentuate the diversity of methods - both men conceive of the mind as rich beyond its own powers of analysis. It is this sense of vast potential that constitutes the rationale for my comparison, and it is within this concept of limitless potential that my procedure should be understood: an examination of the three fundamental tenets of Edelman's theory, a discussion of the ways Wordsworth foreshadows the theory, and a tracing of each man's basically similar response to mechanical models of the mind prevalent in their respective historical milieus. In the late 1970s, Nobel Laureate Gerald M. Edelman began publishing a series of monographs that sought to develop a theory of the mind that would encompass the ever-increasing knowledge of brain structure, avoid the logical errors apparent in behaviorism and cognitive psychology, and be consistent with the fundamental principle of modern biology, namely, Darwinian selection. His investigations have to date culminated in Neural Darwinism (1987), Topobiology (1988), The Remembered Present: A Biological Theory of Consciousness (1989), and the more generally accessible Bright Air, Brilliant Fire (1992). In these works, Edelman presents a theory of the mind that even in its present state outlines what will likely become the dominant psychology of the foreseeable future; it is also the most comprehensive and complex such theory ever formulated. Yet for all its complexity and the scientific rigor of its derivation, it is a remarkably humanistic theory. According to Israel Rosenfield, neural Darwinism challenges those who claim that science views individual human beings and other animals as reproducible machines and that science is little concerned with the unique attributes of individuals and the sources of that uniqueness. In neural Darwinism, Rosenfield concludes, Humanism never had a better defense (Invention 195). Early in Neural Darwinism, Edelman presents the three tenets on which he bases his entire theory. The first of these holds that brain structure is not entirely determined genetically and that, from a neurological perspective, each human brain and hence each individual is unique. …" @default.
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• W155920722 date "1995-06-01" @default.
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• W155920722 title "Theories of the mind: wordsworth's anticipation of neural Darwinism" @default.
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