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• W1561034781 abstract "iii Acknowledgements v Publication List vi Co-Authorship vii Chapter 1 Thesis Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Impetus and Scope of Research 1 1.2 Background 3 1.2.1 Policy Development 3 1.2.2 Green Buildings and LEED 5 1.2.3 Water Efficiency, Conservation and Quality 8 1.3 Summary of Papers 11 1.4 Conclusions 13 1.5 Suggestions for Future Work 15 1.6 References 16 Chapter 2 Evaluating Institutional Green Building Policies: A Mixed-Methods 22 Approach Chapter 3 Water Conservation: Opportunities in Higher Education 45 Chapter 4 An Evaluation of Rainwater Runoff Quality from Selected White Roof Membranes 72 Appendix A: A Quantitative Web-Based Survey on the use of Policies or Non-Policies for Sustainable Development and the use of LEED Applications. 110 Appendix B: Interview Questions 126 Ph.D. Thesis – A.F. Cupido McMaster University – Civil Engineering 1 Chapter 1 Thesis Summary 1.0 Introduction This chapter summarizes the research presented in this thesis, starting with the thesis motivation and research objectives. This thesis is framed around the combined themes of public policy, sustainability, water quality and water conservation. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were undertaken with professional peers to understand their use of a green building rating system and to develop a policy tool for use in higher education applications. Water conservation approaches were explored and an innovative approach to harvesting rainwater to produce potable water was analyzed and summarized. An overview of rainwater quality from selected white roof membranes is discussed. The research period occurred from February 2007 to September 2011 and an increased interest in green buildings and policy in higher education was observed during this period. Contributions made in this thesis take the form of technical journal papers. A brief summary of each paper and corresponding key conclusions are presented. Potential future research is then discussed. 1.1 Impetus and Scope of Research Many international higher education institutions have responded to the major challenge of sustainable development by making sustainability central to the critical dimensions of university life and this movement is growing (Clugston and Calder 2003). In an examination of institutional policies related to environmental sustainability, it was concluded that university sustainability policies are important because they appear to determine the degree to which a university will attempt environmental change and engage in sustainable initiatives (Wright 2002). There are, however, very few examples of universities that have institutionalized a systematic commitment to environmentally sustainable campus operations to realize the opportunities and enormous efficiencies that can be achieved (Sharp 2002). Ph.D. Thesis – A.F. Cupido McMaster University – Civil Engineering 2 There is clear evidence that an opportunity exists to enhance policy development and application in higher education as it relates to the promotion of sustainable building practices and the application of LEED. To date, no overview has been conducted within higher education applications amongst senior facility professionals in the context of green building policies and their development and application along with the corresponding use of LEED. These individuals play a crucial role and hold the responsibility of ensuring that their green buildings are operated, maintained and perform as intended (Bosch and Pearce 2003). Thesis Scope and Objectives The research in this thesis pertains to higher education and that sector’s use of green building policies and LEED. Water conservation approaches in this sector and specifically the utilization of rainwater harvesting from the Engineering Technology Building (ETB) at McMaster University are detailed. The primary research goal is to determine if policy tools are essential for sustainable building practices and the implementation of LEED for new construction and major renovations in higher education buildings in Canada and the United States. A specific focus on water conservation and water quality was undertaken related to green buildings. The following tasks were completed to achieve the main research objective: • A comprehensive quantitative web-based survey was developed and administered to poll members of APPA (formerly the Association of Physical Plant Administrators) on their use of policies or non-policies for sustainable development and the specific use of LEED applications for new construction and major renovations on their campuses. This survey received approval from the ethics research board of McMaster University; • Qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with a subset of the survey respondents to explore and supplement components of the survey and to gain greater insight as to the strategic application of sustainable facility initiatives at their respective institutions; Ph.D. Thesis – A.F. Cupido McMaster University – Civil Engineering 3 • A sustainable building policy template was developed for application to the higher education sector; • A review of survey participants’ water conservation approaches was undertaken with a specific application to a rainwater harvesting-to-potable water system in the Engineering Technology Building (ETB) and waterless urinals at McMaster University; • Water quality testing and analysis was performed on three white reflective roof membranes installed on the ETB roof assembly to determine if there is a preferred membrane for this function." @default.
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• W1561034781 title "The Development and Application of Policy-Based Tools for Institutional Green Buildings." @default.
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