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• W1564931937 abstract "During his stay on the island, Robinson Crusoe resorts to several politically expedient though still perplexing impersonations. Although he is in reality a plantation owner and part-time slave trader, he spends his first solitary years indulging in half-joking fantasies that he is a king. He continues this pose even after the native he names Friday, Friday's father, and a Spanish sailor arrive on the island. Once a group of English mutineers and their deposed captain appear, however, Crusoe is suddenly transformed into the island's governour. And when, in the process of restoring the captain to power, the dishevelled Crusoe must address the imprisoned mutineers, he does so as the governor's jailor, threatening them with the awful wrath of his fictional superior. This odd series of transmutations, as I hope to show, is compounded by Crusoe's conflicted sense of his public self. Though he dearly wishes to be idealistically (and Puritanically) self-sufficient, he is repeatedly confronted with the unsettling sense that he is connected to the European world. The first of these self images has intrigued those who find in Crusoe's isolation an attractive myth of the self-sufficient man. But the rapid escalation of political and economic engagement between Europe and the Americas made the world of the seventeenth century an increasingly inclusive place, one that left less and less room for the kind of autonomy about which Crusoe fantasizes. I hope to rectify what I see as an imbalance in the critical history of Robinson Crusoe by making the case that Crusoe is never so solitary as he imagines himself, and moreover that the individual identity that he does possess is in a sense produced by the mercantilist world that he denies. That identity no sooner appears than it is immediately regularized and incorporated into an all but universal political network that erases earlier notions of privacy.(1) By the end of his adventures, Crusoe is not only forced to acknowledge political authority and to compromise his behavior accordingly, but he is also forced to impersonate the figure of that authority on the island (by becoming governour) in order to survive. In other words, Crusoe participates alternately on both sides of the political-economic forces that polarized the world during the second half of the seventeenth century: the egoistic impulse towards commerce on a global scale (along with the renegade absolutism that Crusoe finds so appealing), and the corresponding desire to consolidate the state power to which that commerce posed a threat. Crusoe's identity, then, hovers in a kind of political limbo. He is not the king of the island, nor is he the island's governor, or the governor's jailor; his readiness to abandon each of these offices suggests that he never really inhabited any of them in the first place. His efforts to define himself privately are thwarted, while his attempts to define himself politically - the playful as well as the desperate - are necessarily multiple and inauthentic. The history of mythic interpretations of Crusoe originates with Defoe himself, who, in Serious Reflections (1720), the third installment of the series of books he wrote about Crusoe, presents his hero's adventures as allegorical. To treat Crusoe as an allegorical figure is to perceive him as a free-standing gloss on civilization rather than as an individual embedded in it and answerable to all its customs and conventions. The danger in treating Crusoe as a type, in other words, is that one can be led into the mistaken assumptions that he exists independently of the European civilization that he attempts to reproduce and that the island comes for the duration of his stay simply to replace the world. Such a view authorizes the idealized terms in which Crusoe creates his own political fantasy. During the first third of the novel, when he most frequently represents himself as king, the issue of rivalry figures as the chief threat; Crusoe is virtually obsessed with reassuring himself that everything in his political world is his property, and that everyone is properly subjected and completely under his control. …" @default.
• W1564931937 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W1564931937 date "1995-03-22" @default.
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• W1564931937 title "Inevitable politics: rulership and identity in Robinson Crusoe" @default.
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