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• W1566016085 abstract "Glycolipids are ubiquitous in membranes of biological systems and play crucial roles in cell surface events including cell proliferation, differentiation, transmembrane signaling, cell-cell interactions, cell recognition, motility and cell substrate interactions such as embryogenesis, inflammation and carcinogenesis (Hakomori, 1981; Kolter, 2002; Varki, 1999). Glycolipids, particularly gangliosides, mediate cell adhesion and modulate signal transduction. Gangliosides, cell surface glycolipids with at least one sialic acid residue, are located at the outer cell-surface of plasma membranes (Gervay et al., 1993). They are found predominantly in the nervous system where they constitute about 10% of all phospholipids. Gangliosides have also been detected in the liver of several species of shark, rat kidney, cerebelum of chicken, mouse erythrocytes, human brain and in human melanoma tumors (Li, 2002; Ozawa, 1993; Saito, 1982). Gangliosides are involved in several diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease and Guillan-Barre syndrome. Impaired ganglioside metabolism is also relevant to Alzheimer’s disease. Gangliosides bind specifically to virus such as influenza virus and various toxins such as tetanus, cholera and botulinum (Prichet & Paulson, 1989; Sun, 2000; Suzuki, 1990). Gangliosides are also implicated in skin cancer. Human melanoma cells overexpress ganglioside (Freeze et al., 1993). Normal melanocytes predominantly express GM3 (greater than 90%) and GD3 (less than 5%) (Hoon 1988, 1992). However, malignant melanoma expresses other types of gangliosides including GM2 and GD2. Human melanoma cells express the four major gangliosides (GM3, GD3, GM2 and GD2). Considering the essential roles played by glycolipids in biochemical and cellular processes, development of methods for their rapid and efficient synthesis is necessary. Isolation from natural sources affords glycolipids but with very limited amounts. The conventional chemical synthetic approach gives glycolipids with high purity in good yield. However, the poor stereoselectivity and the multi-step operation involving tedious protection and deprotection schemes are among the many shortcomings. Enzyme synthesis promises high levels of regioselectivity and stereoselectivity but the availability and high cost have to be reckoned with. As part of our continued interest in the synthesis of glycolipids, the saccharide primer strategy was employed as a viable alternative to existing methods (Kasuya, 2000, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2010d; Sato, 2007). The saccharide primer method using animal cells and amphiphilic glycoside primers such dodecyl αand β-lactoside, 12and 2-azidododecyl" @default.
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• W1566016085 date "2011-06-30" @default.
• W1566016085 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
• W1566016085 title "Melanoma Cell Factory for Glycolipid Production" @default.
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• W1566016085 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/20727" @default.
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