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• W1566018462 abstract "A sedimentological investigation of the Lower Cretaceous Woburn Sands of southern England has been used to develop a depositional model for a transgressive estuarine (or embayment) sand complex. The Woburn Sands average 70 m in thickness, but are over 100 m thick in places, and infill a NE–SW trending trough 25–30 km wide, which cuts into the western end of the NW–SE trending London–Brabant land mass. Initially, this trough was of limited extent to the northeast but opened out into a broader shallow sea to the south and southwest. Subsequently, during the course of the major Early Cretaceous (Aptian–Albian) transgression, this feature formed a seaway connecting two previously separate basins (the North Sea Basin to the north and the Weald–Wessex–Channel Basin to the south). The Woburn Sands record this overall transgressive history in the form of six main facies bodies, which occur in five erosionally based units (from bottom to top): (i) Orange and Heterolithic Sands; (ii) Silver Sands; (iii) Silty Beds; (iv) Red Sands; and (vi) Transition Series. The lowermost deposits (the Orange and Heterolithic Sands; equivalent to the Lower Woburn Sands) display convincing evidence of tidal current deposition (e.g. bimodal-bipolar palaeocurrent patterns, herringbone cross-bedding, clay drapes and wavy–flaser bedding). They are further characterized by large-scale, subhorizontal and low-angle erosion surfaces, which are interpreted as tidal channel bases and tidal shoal accretion surfaces, respectively. The overlying sand deposits (the Silver and Red Sands; equivalent to the Upper Woburn Sands) display similar evidence of tidal current activity but are distinguished by overall coarser grain sizes, better sorting, lack of clay layers and the abundance of large-scale cross-bedding. The large-scale structures in the Silver and Red Sands dip mainly towards the south (inferred ebb direction), whereas similar structures in the exposed Orange Sands dip mainly to the northwest (inferred flood direction). The overall sequence is interpreted in terms of a transgressive tide-dominated estuary or embayment model. The Lower Woburn Sands (Orange and Heterolithic Sands) were deposited in mutually evasive ebb and flood tidal channels and intervening tidal shoals, probably in an inner estuarine environment. In contrast, the higher energy Silver and Red Sands were deposited in the outer reaches of an estuary or embayment where greater water depths allowed the build-up of large-scale bedforms. The southward increase in both cross-bed set size and sand-body thickness in the Red Sands probably reflects general southward deepening. The final element in this facies succession is the draping of the sand complex by slowly deposited fossiliferous marine beds (Transition Series and Basal Beds of the Gault), which are overstepped to the north by the shallow-marine muds of the Gault. The description, interpretation and depositional model outlined here may assist in the recognition and prediction of similar shallow marine sand bodies. This study demonstrates, for example, that thick, high reservoir-quality sands with favourable geometries for stratigraphical traps can accumulate in transgressive estuaries and embayments. The resulting sand complex could be expected to comprise several erosively bounded, lenticular units displaying rapid lateral thickness and facies variations and an upward increase in reservoir quality and sand continuity. This would contrast with the more tabular geometry and more gradual lateral thickness and facies variations of similar tide-dominated deposits developed in offshore/shelf environments." @default.
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• W1566018462 date "1995-05-26" @default.
• W1566018462 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W1566018462 title "Sedimentology of a Transgressive, Estuarine Sand Complex: The Lower Cretaceous Woburn Sands (Lower Greensand), Southern England" @default.
• W1566018462 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304091.ch2" @default.
• W1566018462 hasPublicationYear "1995" @default.
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