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- W1566378475 abstract "Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies in Western countries and the world (Baade et al., 2009). It is the third most common cause of death from cancer in men of all ages and the most common cause of death from cancer in men over age 75. The current standard therapies for prostate cancer include radiation, surgery, hormonal therapy and chemotherapy (Debruyne, 2002; Freytag et al., 2007; Nelius et al., 2009; Rozkova et al., 2009). Chemotherapy is almost always a salvage therapy for advanced prostate cancer, and chemoresistance is emerging problem in prostate cancer therapy. Strategies to overcome the chemoresistance of prostate cancer cells have not been developed partially because mechanisms of it are unknown and likely to be numerous. Chemoresistance has a tendency to occur both to clinically established therapeutic agents and novel targeted therapeutics implicating both intrinsic and acquired mechanisms of drug resistance (Djeu & Wei, 2009). Most likely, these are the mechanisms which are universal for cytoprotection from cell death induced by various factors. Cell death by apoptosis is one of the most universal mechanisms of cell response to injury. It plays the major role in carcinogenesis and prostate tumor progression. Suppression of apoptosis was proposed to cause inappropriate survival of genetically aberrant cells during carcinogenesis (Vineis, 2003). Cancer cells seem to be designed to propagate and survive in a new and hostile environment by suppressing their natural mechanisms of cell death. The neoplastic transformation of prostate epithelial cells is known to be associated with decreased apoptotic cell death (Inokuchi et al., 2009; Shilkaitis et al., 2000). The progression of prostate cancer, in particular, androgen-independent prostate cancer or prostate adenocarcinomas, was also shown to be associated with decreased apoptosis (Raffo et al., 1995; Singh & Lokeshwar, 2009). The latter is the predominant form of tumor cell demise caused by chemotherapeutic agents and it plays an important role in cancer chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity (Arnold & Isaacs, 2002; Debes & Tindall, 2004). Targeting various mechanisms of apoptosis to cure prostate cancer has been suggested in many studies, naming potential molecular targets and key apoptotic regulators such as upstream and downstream caspases, p53, Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), prostate apoptosis response gene-4 (Par-4), Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) protein, transcription factor" @default.
- W1566378475 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W1566378475 date "2011-11-25" @default.
- W1566378475 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W1566378475 title "Cytotoxic Endonucleases: New Targets for Prostate Cancer Chemotherapy" @default.
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- W1566378475 doi "https://doi.org/10.5772/25585" @default.
- W1566378475 hasPublicationYear "2011" @default.
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